Abstract
The goal of this article is to give an overview about the established current treatment concepts of traumatic brain injury, as well as an outlook on possible future developments in pharmacological neuroprotection. Modern medical treatment modalities of traumatic brain injury (TBI), including the preclinical management of severely head-injured patients, are reviewed. Since an increased intracranial pressure represents the most common complication of severe traumatic brain injury, frequently associated with the development of secondary brain damage, special emphasis was given to an updated treatment algorithm for this important condition. New insight into the pathophysiology of severe traumatic brain injury, especially the realization that brain damage develops sequentially, initiated several new treatment approaches aiming at the interruption of pathophysiological mechanisms leading to secondary brain injury. A high number of pharmacological substances have been tested for their ability to ameliorate secondary damage after TBI, or are currently under clinical trial. Although no drug has achieved this goal so far, the most promising of these therapeutical approaches, glutamate receptor antagonists, calcium channel antagonists, free radical scavengers, and cyclosporin A will be discussed in this review. Although a magical bullet for the treatment of traumatic brain injury has not been developed yet, several of the currently investigated neuroprotective strategies seem to be encouraging. A promising future approach might be to evaluate treatment strategies that combine several pharmacological agents, and possibly other treatment modalities, such as mild hypothermia, tailored according to the special pathology of patient subgroups, or even to every single patient in order to achieve an improvement in outcome after TBI.
Keywords: Neroprotection, Traumatic brain injury tbi, Gultamate receptor antinists, Calcium channel antagonists, Free radical scavengers, Closporin a, Benzodiazepines, Osmotherapy, Hypothermia, Barbiturtates
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Medical Treatment and Neuroprotection in Traumatic Brain Injury
Volume: 7 Issue: 15
Author(s): T. Clausen and R. Bullock
Affiliation:
Keywords: Neroprotection, Traumatic brain injury tbi, Gultamate receptor antinists, Calcium channel antagonists, Free radical scavengers, Closporin a, Benzodiazepines, Osmotherapy, Hypothermia, Barbiturtates
Abstract: The goal of this article is to give an overview about the established current treatment concepts of traumatic brain injury, as well as an outlook on possible future developments in pharmacological neuroprotection. Modern medical treatment modalities of traumatic brain injury (TBI), including the preclinical management of severely head-injured patients, are reviewed. Since an increased intracranial pressure represents the most common complication of severe traumatic brain injury, frequently associated with the development of secondary brain damage, special emphasis was given to an updated treatment algorithm for this important condition. New insight into the pathophysiology of severe traumatic brain injury, especially the realization that brain damage develops sequentially, initiated several new treatment approaches aiming at the interruption of pathophysiological mechanisms leading to secondary brain injury. A high number of pharmacological substances have been tested for their ability to ameliorate secondary damage after TBI, or are currently under clinical trial. Although no drug has achieved this goal so far, the most promising of these therapeutical approaches, glutamate receptor antagonists, calcium channel antagonists, free radical scavengers, and cyclosporin A will be discussed in this review. Although a magical bullet for the treatment of traumatic brain injury has not been developed yet, several of the currently investigated neuroprotective strategies seem to be encouraging. A promising future approach might be to evaluate treatment strategies that combine several pharmacological agents, and possibly other treatment modalities, such as mild hypothermia, tailored according to the special pathology of patient subgroups, or even to every single patient in order to achieve an improvement in outcome after TBI.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Clausen T. and Bullock R., Medical Treatment and Neuroprotection in Traumatic Brain Injury, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2001; 7 (15) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612013397267
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612013397267 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Role of Phospholipase A2 and Lipoxygenases Associated with Arachidonic Acid in Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Injury
Current Enzyme Inhibition "Take and Run" and "Take and Hold" Therapeutical Electromagnetic Field Application Modalities in Physiotherapy: Some Clinically Significant Pathways of Action
Current Chemical Biology “Endothelial Progenitor Cells” as a Therapeutic Strategy in Cardiovascular Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Tau Truncation is a Productive Posttranslational Modification of Neurofibrillary Degeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Caffeine and Suicide: A Systematic Review
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Coexistence of Olfactory Groove with Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma Presenting with Anosmia: A Case Report
Current Medical Imaging Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator (Alteplase) in the Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Review of its Pharmacological Properties, Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacoeconomic Aspects
Current Drug Therapy Acute Severe Arterial Hypertension: Therapeutic Options
Current Drug Targets Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Mechanisms of Drug Resistance to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Inhibitors
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry FTY720 (Fingolimod) Ameliorates Brain Injury through Multiple Mechanisms and is a Strong Candidate for Stroke Treatment
Current Medicinal Chemistry Human Anthrax as a Re-Emerging Disease
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Vasoactive Renal Factors and the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cyclooxygenases in the Central Nervous System: Implications for Treatment of Neurological Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Misoprostol Reverse Hippocampal Neuron Cyclooxygenase-2 Downstream Signaling Imbalance in Aluminum-Overload Rats
Current Alzheimer Research Curcumin Efficacy in a Serum/Glucose Deprivation-Induced Neuronal PC12 Injury Model
Current Molecular Pharmacology The Role of Negative Costimulators During Parasitic Infections
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Receptor Tyrosine Kinases as Therapeutic Targets in Malignant Glioma
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Gestational Exposure to Variable Stressors Produces Decrements in Cognitive and Neural Development of Juvenile Male and Female Rats
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Therapeutical Approaches of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide as a Pleiotropic Immunomodulator
Current Pharmaceutical Design