Abstract
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine-oxidase (SSAO) is present in various human tissues and in plasma. Oxidative deamination of short-chain aliphatic amines is catalyzed by this enzyme to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. Methylamine and aminoacetone have been recognized to be physiological substrates for SSAO. There are several pathological states where increased serum SSAO activity have been found, such as diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, multiple types of cerebral infarction, uraemia, and hepatic cirrhosis. The role of SSAO in pathophysiology of diabetes has been most extensively investigated. The elevated formation of the potentially cytotoxic products of the enzyme may contribute to the endothelial injury of blood vessels, resulting in the early development of severe atherosclerosis; it may also contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathy. It is now suggested that SSAO inhibitors may prevent the development of atherosclerosis and diabetic complications as well. Inhibitors can be conveniently subdivided into the main groups of hydrazine derivatives, arylalkylamines, propenyl- and propargylamines, oxazolidinones, and haloalkylamines. Of them, aryl(alkyl)hydrazines, and 3-halo-2-phenylallylamines are generally very strong SSAO inhibitors. Most of these inhibitors of SSAO have been originally developed for other purposes, or they are simple chemical reagents with highly reactive structural element(s); these compounds have not been able to fulfil all criteria of high potency, selectivity, and acceptable toxicity. New potent compounds with selectivity and low toxicity are needed, which may prove useful tools for understanding the roles and function of SSAO, or they may even be valuable substances for treatment of various diseases.
Keywords: semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (ssao), diabetes, atherosclerosis, vap-1, inhibitors, hydrazines, haloallylamines, haloalkylamines
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase: Current Status and Perspectives
Volume: 11 Issue: 10
Author(s): P. Matyus, B. Dajka-Halasz, A. Foldi, N. Haider, D. Barlocco and K. Magyar
Affiliation:
Keywords: semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (ssao), diabetes, atherosclerosis, vap-1, inhibitors, hydrazines, haloallylamines, haloalkylamines
Abstract: Semicarbazide-sensitive amine-oxidase (SSAO) is present in various human tissues and in plasma. Oxidative deamination of short-chain aliphatic amines is catalyzed by this enzyme to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. Methylamine and aminoacetone have been recognized to be physiological substrates for SSAO. There are several pathological states where increased serum SSAO activity have been found, such as diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, multiple types of cerebral infarction, uraemia, and hepatic cirrhosis. The role of SSAO in pathophysiology of diabetes has been most extensively investigated. The elevated formation of the potentially cytotoxic products of the enzyme may contribute to the endothelial injury of blood vessels, resulting in the early development of severe atherosclerosis; it may also contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathy. It is now suggested that SSAO inhibitors may prevent the development of atherosclerosis and diabetic complications as well. Inhibitors can be conveniently subdivided into the main groups of hydrazine derivatives, arylalkylamines, propenyl- and propargylamines, oxazolidinones, and haloalkylamines. Of them, aryl(alkyl)hydrazines, and 3-halo-2-phenylallylamines are generally very strong SSAO inhibitors. Most of these inhibitors of SSAO have been originally developed for other purposes, or they are simple chemical reagents with highly reactive structural element(s); these compounds have not been able to fulfil all criteria of high potency, selectivity, and acceptable toxicity. New potent compounds with selectivity and low toxicity are needed, which may prove useful tools for understanding the roles and function of SSAO, or they may even be valuable substances for treatment of various diseases.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Matyus P., Dajka-Halasz B., Foldi A., Haider N., Barlocco D. and Magyar K., Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase: Current Status and Perspectives, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2004; 11 (10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867043365305
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867043365305 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Alternative Routes for the Formation of Immunochemically Distinct Advanced Glycation End-products In Vivo
Current Molecular Medicine Editorial (Thematic Issue: Prevention Strategies Targeting Different Preclinical Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease)
Current Alzheimer Research Immunotherapy for Alzheimers Disease: Rational Basis in Ongoing Clinical Trials
Current Pharmaceutical Design Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction
Current Pharmaceutical Design Repositioning of Drugs in Cardiometabolic Disorders: Importance and Current Scenario
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Cerebrovascular Damage as a Cause for Alzheimers Disease
Current Neurovascular Research Platelet Function and Signaling in Diabetes Mellitus
Current Vascular Pharmacology Targeting New Pharmacological Approaches for Alzheimer’s Disease: Potential for Statins and Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Blood Platelet Reactivity and its Pharmacological Modulation in (People with) Diabetes Mellitus
Current Pharmaceutical Design Dogs with Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome: A Natural Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans in Misfolded Proteins Formation in Alzheimer's Disease
Protein & Peptide Letters Mild Cognitive Impairment: At the Crossroad of Neurodegeneration and Vascular Dysfunction
Current Alzheimer Research Bone Marrow Microenvironment: A Newly Recognized Target for Diabetes- Induced Cellular Damage
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Alzheimers Disease: From Pathogenesis to Disease-Modifying Approaches
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Sirolimus Early Graft Nephrotoxicity: Clinical and Experimental Data
Current Drug Safety Hematoma Expansion: Clinical and Molecular Predictors and Corresponding Pharmacological Treatment
Current Drug Targets Small Molecules and Alzheimer’s Disease: Misfolding, Metabolism and Imaging
Current Alzheimer Research Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Biomarkers Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets
Current Medicinal Chemistry Antidiabetic Potential of Naturally Occurring Sesquiterpenes: A Review
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry