Abstract
Peroxynitrite, the product of the reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide, is spontaneouly formed within most mammalian cells under physiological conditions. Initial work addressing the pathophysiology of peroxynitrite afforded the generally accepted notion that this compound would be the long-term neurotoxic nitric oxide-derivative. However, over the past six years a number of interesting studies have reported direct in vivo and in vitro evidence that, at nanomolar-low micromolar concentrations, peroxynitrite is actively involved in triggering cellular survival signals. Most such evidence came from studies demonstrating protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and neuronal apoptosis. Although full elucidation of the precise mechanism responsible for such protection still requires further research, peroxynitrite has been shown to promote the nitration and / or phosphorylation of regulatory sites at tyrosine kinase receptors coupled to well-known antiapoptotic pathways, such as those involving phosphoinositide 3-kinase / Akt or mitogen-activated protein kinases. In addition, peroxynitrite-mediated transient protection of neurons against apoptotic death is associated with rapid stimulation of glucose metabolism and glutathione regeneration. In view of the potential cytoprotective function of peroxynitrite, further studies specifically focused on elucidating the possible therapeutic potential of peroxynitrite are sure to appear.
Keywords: peroxynitrite, nitric oxide, neuroprotection, glutathione, tyrosine kinase receptor, pi-3-k, akt
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Provoking Neuroprotection by Peroxynitrite
Volume: 10 Issue: 8
Author(s): Juan P. Bolanos, Paula Garcia-Nogales and Angeles Almeida
Affiliation:
Keywords: peroxynitrite, nitric oxide, neuroprotection, glutathione, tyrosine kinase receptor, pi-3-k, akt
Abstract: Peroxynitrite, the product of the reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide, is spontaneouly formed within most mammalian cells under physiological conditions. Initial work addressing the pathophysiology of peroxynitrite afforded the generally accepted notion that this compound would be the long-term neurotoxic nitric oxide-derivative. However, over the past six years a number of interesting studies have reported direct in vivo and in vitro evidence that, at nanomolar-low micromolar concentrations, peroxynitrite is actively involved in triggering cellular survival signals. Most such evidence came from studies demonstrating protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and neuronal apoptosis. Although full elucidation of the precise mechanism responsible for such protection still requires further research, peroxynitrite has been shown to promote the nitration and / or phosphorylation of regulatory sites at tyrosine kinase receptors coupled to well-known antiapoptotic pathways, such as those involving phosphoinositide 3-kinase / Akt or mitogen-activated protein kinases. In addition, peroxynitrite-mediated transient protection of neurons against apoptotic death is associated with rapid stimulation of glucose metabolism and glutathione regeneration. In view of the potential cytoprotective function of peroxynitrite, further studies specifically focused on elucidating the possible therapeutic potential of peroxynitrite are sure to appear.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Bolanos P. Juan, Garcia-Nogales Paula and Almeida Angeles, Provoking Neuroprotection by Peroxynitrite, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2004; 10 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043452910
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043452910 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes
Current Pharmaceutical Design Selection of Potential Pharmacological Targets in ALS Based on Whole- Genome Expression Profiling
Current Medicinal Chemistry Human Urotensin II Promotes Hypertension and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Addressing the Challenge: Current and Future Directions in Ovarian Cancer Therapy
Current Gene Therapy Palliative Combined Percutaneous Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty and Unprotected Left Main Stenting in End Stage Renal Disease
Current Cardiology Reviews Histone Methylation and Transcriptional Regulation in Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Vascular Effects of Avocado Seed Glycosides during Diabetes-induced Endothelial Damage
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Potential of Resveratrol in Preventing the Development of Heart Failure
Current Chemical Biology The Brain, the Penis and Steroid Hormones: Clinical Correlates with Endothelial Dysfunction
Current Pharmaceutical Design Blood Biomarkers in Cardioembolic Stroke
Current Cardiology Reviews Development of Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering: Biomaterial Mediated Neovascularization
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Physiological and Pathological Functions of Acid-Sensing Ion Channels in the Central Nervous System
Current Drug Targets Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Disease: A New Avenue Toward Future Therapeutic Approaches
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Low Activity of Plasminogen Activator: A Common Feature of Non- Iatrogenic Comorbidities of Schizophrenia
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Reactive Oxygen Species, Cancer and Anti-Cancer Therapies
Current Chemical Biology Profiling the Shear Stress of Atherosclerosis; A Genomic View
Current Genomics Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers for the Treatment of Chronic Pain
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Molecular Biological Roles of Ursolic Acid in the Treatment of Human Diseases
Current Bioactive Compounds A Review of Cardiogenic Shock in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Current Cardiology Reviews Drugs Interfering with Apoptosis in Breast Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design