Abstract
The interest for the therapeutic potential of aldosterone antagonists in essential hypertension comes from the recently discovered nonclassical pathways of aldosterone actions, above all the presence of extra-adrenal aldosterone production and the discovery of aldosterones proinflammatory and profibrotic actions. The review begins with the discussion of experimental studies on animals, demonstrating the role of aldosterone in cardiovascular remodeling and the effects of aldosterone blockade on hypertensive target organ damage. Then recent clinical studies are presented, that confirm in humans the deleterious role of aldosterone, in particular in the development of myocardial hypertrophy, cardiovascular fibrosis and arterial stiffness. After a brief description of the new selective aldosterone antagonist, eplerenone, compared to the well-known non-selective aldosterone antagonist, spironolactone, the results of studies on essential hypertensive patients are discussed, evaluating the efficacy of aldosterone antagonists in lowering blood pressure, but, more important, in protecting against target organ damage.
Keywords: aldosterone, aldosterone antagonists, spironolactone, canrenone, eplerenone, hypertension, myocardial hypertrophy, diastolic function
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Antihypertensive Therapy: Role of Aldosterone Antagonists
Volume: 11 Issue: 17
Author(s): Anna Maria Grandi
Affiliation:
Keywords: aldosterone, aldosterone antagonists, spironolactone, canrenone, eplerenone, hypertension, myocardial hypertrophy, diastolic function
Abstract: The interest for the therapeutic potential of aldosterone antagonists in essential hypertension comes from the recently discovered nonclassical pathways of aldosterone actions, above all the presence of extra-adrenal aldosterone production and the discovery of aldosterones proinflammatory and profibrotic actions. The review begins with the discussion of experimental studies on animals, demonstrating the role of aldosterone in cardiovascular remodeling and the effects of aldosterone blockade on hypertensive target organ damage. Then recent clinical studies are presented, that confirm in humans the deleterious role of aldosterone, in particular in the development of myocardial hypertrophy, cardiovascular fibrosis and arterial stiffness. After a brief description of the new selective aldosterone antagonist, eplerenone, compared to the well-known non-selective aldosterone antagonist, spironolactone, the results of studies on essential hypertensive patients are discussed, evaluating the efficacy of aldosterone antagonists in lowering blood pressure, but, more important, in protecting against target organ damage.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Grandi Maria Anna, Antihypertensive Therapy: Role of Aldosterone Antagonists, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2005; 11 (17) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612054367418
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612054367418 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Reduction of Sodium Intake is a Prerequisite for Preventing and Curing High Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients - First Part: Therapy
Current Hypertension Reviews Antiplatelet and Antileukocyte Effects of Cardiovascular,Immunomodulatory and Chemotherapeutic Drugs
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Editorial: [Challenges on the Improvement of Global Maternal Health]
Current Women`s Health Reviews The Role of Nano-ophthalmology in Treating Dry Eye Disease
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Epidemiology of Gout: Perspectives from the Past
Current Rheumatology Reviews Chemical and Pharmacological Significance of 1,4-Dihydropyridines
Current Organic Chemistry Challenges in Diagnosing Cerebral Lacunar Infarcts
Current Medical Imaging An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Stevia by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Detection of a Left Atrial Thrombus Under Fondaparinux Treatment: A Case Report
Current Drug Safety Progress in Computational Approach to Drug Development Against SARS
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Role of Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas Axis and Angiotensin Type 2 Receptors in the Central Nervous System in Cardiovascular Disease and Therapeutics: A Riddle to be Solved
Current Vascular Pharmacology Dual Role of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) in Anti-Tumor Immunity
Current Molecular Medicine Nanoparticles: A Promising Therapeutic Approach in Atherosclerosis
Current Drug Delivery Therapies Targeting Inflammation After Stent Implantation
Current Vascular Pharmacology Role of the heme oxygenase-adiponectin-atrial natriuretic peptide axis in renal function
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Adult Patient with Eisenmenger Syndrome: A Medical Update after Dana Point Part III: Specific Management and Surgical Aspects
Current Cardiology Reviews Prolylcarboxypeptidase Gene Expression in the Heart and Kidney: Effects of Obesity and Diabetes
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Neck Circumference and its Correlation to Other Anthropometric Parameters and Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC)
Current Diabetes Reviews Hypertension in Pregnancy: Clinical Manifestations and Treatment
Current Hypertension Reviews Nanostructures for Drug Delivery to the Brain
Current Medicinal Chemistry