Abstract
Stress echocardiography is the combination of 2D echocardiography with a physical, pharmacological or electrical stress. The diagnostic end point for the detection of myocardial ischemia is the induction of a transient worsening in regional function during stress. Stress echocardiography provides similar diagnostic and prognostic accuracy as radionuclide stress perfusion imaging, but at a substantially lower cost, without environmental impact, and with no biohazards for the patient and the physician. Among different stresses of comparable diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, semisupine exercise is the most used, dobutamine the best test for viability, and dipyridamole the safest and simplest pharmacological stress and the most suitable for combined wall motion - coronary flow reserve assessment. The additional clinical benefit of myocardial contrast echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging and real time 3-D echocardiography has been inconsistent and disappointing, whereas the potential of adding coronary flow reserve evaluation of left anterior descending coronary artery by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography adds another potentially important dimension to stress echocardiography. In spite of its dependence upon operators training, stress echocardiography is today the best possible imaging choice to achieve the still elusive target of sustainable cardiac imaging in the field of noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
Keywords: dimensional echocardiography, ischemia, ecg changes, ischemic stressors, dobutamine, dipyridamole, perfusion imaging
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Stress Echocardiography
Volume: 11 Issue: 17
Author(s): E. Picano, E. Pasanisi, L. Venneri, M. Agrusta, G. Mottola and R. Sicari
Affiliation:
Keywords: dimensional echocardiography, ischemia, ecg changes, ischemic stressors, dobutamine, dipyridamole, perfusion imaging
Abstract: Stress echocardiography is the combination of 2D echocardiography with a physical, pharmacological or electrical stress. The diagnostic end point for the detection of myocardial ischemia is the induction of a transient worsening in regional function during stress. Stress echocardiography provides similar diagnostic and prognostic accuracy as radionuclide stress perfusion imaging, but at a substantially lower cost, without environmental impact, and with no biohazards for the patient and the physician. Among different stresses of comparable diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, semisupine exercise is the most used, dobutamine the best test for viability, and dipyridamole the safest and simplest pharmacological stress and the most suitable for combined wall motion - coronary flow reserve assessment. The additional clinical benefit of myocardial contrast echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging and real time 3-D echocardiography has been inconsistent and disappointing, whereas the potential of adding coronary flow reserve evaluation of left anterior descending coronary artery by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography adds another potentially important dimension to stress echocardiography. In spite of its dependence upon operators training, stress echocardiography is today the best possible imaging choice to achieve the still elusive target of sustainable cardiac imaging in the field of noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Picano E., Pasanisi E., Venneri L., Agrusta M., Mottola G. and Sicari R., Stress Echocardiography, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2005; 11 (17) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612054367454
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612054367454 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Resveratrol: A Therapeutic Approach to Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Anti-Atherosclerotic Molecules Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Inhibitors of Nitrogen Oxide Species Production in Animal Models of Inflammation and Future Directions for Therapy in Inflammatory Disorders
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Introduction: P2 Receptors
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry The Role of Integrin-Mediated Cell Adhesion in Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology and Clinical Opportunities
Current Pharmaceutical Design An Update on Herbal Anti-inflammatory Agents in Periodontal Therapy
Clinical Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Drugs (Discontinued) Exploiting Anti-Inflammation Effects of Flavonoids in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Metabolic Correction in the Management of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Improving Clinical Results Beyond Symptom Control
Current Clinical Pharmacology Can microRNAs be Biomarkers or Targets for Therapy of Ischemic Coronary Artery Disease in Metabolic Syndrome?
Current Drug Targets Triple Threat: The Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger in the Pathophysiology of Cardiac Arrhythmia, Ischemia and Heart Failure
Current Drug Targets Current Scenario of 1,4-Diazepines as Potent Biomolecules-A Mini Review
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Variability in the Response to Non-pharmacological Treatments in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine The Importance of Humanized Yeast to Better Understand the Role of Bcl-2 Family in Apoptosis: Finding of Novel Therapeutic Opportunities
Current Pharmaceutical Design GDF 15 - A Novel Biomarker in the Offing for Heart Failure
Current Cardiology Reviews Physiological and Pharmacological Insights into the Role of Ionic Channels in Cardiac Pacemaker Activity
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Potential Therapeutic Effects of Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Inhibition in Cardiac Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Nitric Oxide Synthase Function in Exercise
Current Enzyme Inhibition Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Approaches to Reduce Acute Atherosclerotic Complications
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Tools and Procedures for Ex Vivo Vein Arterialization, Preconditioning and Tissue Engineering: A Step Forward to Translation to Combat the Consequences of Vascular Graft Remodeling
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Pleiotropic Effects of Statins: Stabilization of the Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque?
Current Pharmaceutical Design