Abstract
Purinergic signaling is involved in the proper functioning of virtually all organs of the body. Although in some cases purines have a major influence on physiological functions (e.g. thrombocyte aggregation), more often they are just background modulators contributing to fine tuning of biological events. However, under pathological conditions, when a huge amount of adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) can reach the extracellular space, their significance is increasing. ATP and its various degradation products activate membrane receptors divided into two main classes: the metabotropic P2Y and the ionotropic P2X family. This latter group, the purine ionotropic receptor, is the object of this review. After providing a description about the distribution and functional properties of P2X receptors in the body, their pharmacology will be summarized. In the second part of this review, the role of purines in those organ systems and body functions will be highlighted, where the (patho)physiological role of P2X receptors has been suggested or is even well established. Besides the regulation of organ systems, for instance in the cardiovascular, respiratory, genitourinary or gastrointestinal system, some special issues will also be discussed, such as the role of P2X receptors in pain, tumors, central nervous system (CNS) injury and embryonic development. Several examples will indicate that purine ionotropic receptors might serve as attractive targets for pharmacological interventions in various diseases, and that selective ligands for these receptors will probably constitute important future therapeutic tools in humans.
Keywords: Purinergic, P2X receptor, pathophysiology, pharmacotherapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Purine Ionotropic (P2X) Receptors
Volume: 13 Issue: 23
Author(s): L. Koles, S. Furst and P. Illes
Affiliation:
Keywords: Purinergic, P2X receptor, pathophysiology, pharmacotherapy
Abstract: Purinergic signaling is involved in the proper functioning of virtually all organs of the body. Although in some cases purines have a major influence on physiological functions (e.g. thrombocyte aggregation), more often they are just background modulators contributing to fine tuning of biological events. However, under pathological conditions, when a huge amount of adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) can reach the extracellular space, their significance is increasing. ATP and its various degradation products activate membrane receptors divided into two main classes: the metabotropic P2Y and the ionotropic P2X family. This latter group, the purine ionotropic receptor, is the object of this review. After providing a description about the distribution and functional properties of P2X receptors in the body, their pharmacology will be summarized. In the second part of this review, the role of purines in those organ systems and body functions will be highlighted, where the (patho)physiological role of P2X receptors has been suggested or is even well established. Besides the regulation of organ systems, for instance in the cardiovascular, respiratory, genitourinary or gastrointestinal system, some special issues will also be discussed, such as the role of P2X receptors in pain, tumors, central nervous system (CNS) injury and embryonic development. Several examples will indicate that purine ionotropic receptors might serve as attractive targets for pharmacological interventions in various diseases, and that selective ligands for these receptors will probably constitute important future therapeutic tools in humans.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
L. Koles , S. Furst and P. Illes , Purine Ionotropic (P2X) Receptors, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2007; 13 (23) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161207781368747
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161207781368747 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Inflammatory Markers in Cardiovascular Disease; Lessons Learned and Future Perspectives
Current Vascular Pharmacology microRNA Biogenesis Pathway as a Therapeutic Target for Human Disease and Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cryoballoon Ablation for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-analysis
Current Cardiology Reviews Editorial: Targeting Neuregulin1 and HER Receptor Tyrosine Kinases for Therapy of Breast Cancer and Heart Failure
Current Pharmaceutical Design Modular Nanotransporters for Targeted Intracellular Delivery of Drugs: Folate Receptors as Potential Targets
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy for Cardio Renal Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Immunosuppressant Drugs and Covid-19: Associated Risks, Drug-Drug Interactions and Contraindications
Coronaviruses Electrophysiologic Considerations After Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Current Cardiology Reviews Microparticles as Biomarkers of Vascular Dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome and its Individual Components
Current Vascular Pharmacology Energizing Genetics and Epi-genetics: Role in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Function
Current Genomics Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Do We Need to Redefine the Role of Sulfonylureas?
Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Mitochondrial Tolerance to Drugs and Toxic Agents in Ageing and Disease
Current Drug Targets A Comprehensive Review on Chrysin: Emphasis on Molecular Targets, Pharmacological Actions and Bio-pharmaceutical Aspects
Current Drug Targets Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Heart Failure
Current Cardiology Reviews Epigenetic Modulation of Myocardial Angiogenic Balance: An Emerging Therapeutic Perspective for Adult Failing Heart
Current Angiogenesis (Discontinued) TiO2-Nanowired Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Thwarts Diabetes- Induced Exacerbation of Brain Pathology in Heat Stroke: An Experimental Study in the Rat Using Morphological and Biochemical Approaches
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Topoisomerase Enzymes as Therapeutic Targets for Cancer Chemotherapy
Medicinal Chemistry Stem Cell-Derived Microvesicles: A Cell Free Therapy Approach to the Regenerative Medicine
Current Biotechnology Promising Protective Effects of Chrysin in Cardiometabolic Diseases
Current Drug Targets Editorial [ Hot Topic: Modifying Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Novel Cardiovascular Targets for Treatment by Noninvasive Imaging Techniques (Executive Editors: Aurelio Leone and Luigi Landini) ]
Current Pharmaceutical Design