Abstract
Activation of macrophages through TLR4, the receptor for the bacterial endotoxin LPS, results in a potent inflammatory response aimed at eliminating the invading pathogen. Excessive production of inflammatory mediators is harmful to host tissue and in extreme cases can result in fatal outcomes. This inflammatory response is, therefore, tightly regulated by negative regulatory mechanisms that act to maintain homeostasis. This review will summarize recent advances in our current understanding of molecular mechanisms that regulate macrophage TLR4 signaling.
Keywords: TLR4, inflammation, regulation, lipopolysaccharide, signal transduction, SHIP, PTEN
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Negative Regulators of Toll-like Receptor 4-Mediated Macrophage Inflammatory Response
Volume: 12 Issue: 32
Author(s): Jonathan P. Butchar, Kishore V.L. Parsa, Clay B. Marsh and Susheela Tridandapani
Affiliation:
Keywords: TLR4, inflammation, regulation, lipopolysaccharide, signal transduction, SHIP, PTEN
Abstract: Activation of macrophages through TLR4, the receptor for the bacterial endotoxin LPS, results in a potent inflammatory response aimed at eliminating the invading pathogen. Excessive production of inflammatory mediators is harmful to host tissue and in extreme cases can result in fatal outcomes. This inflammatory response is, therefore, tightly regulated by negative regulatory mechanisms that act to maintain homeostasis. This review will summarize recent advances in our current understanding of molecular mechanisms that regulate macrophage TLR4 signaling.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Butchar P. Jonathan, Parsa V.L. Kishore, Marsh B. Clay and Tridandapani Susheela, Negative Regulators of Toll-like Receptor 4-Mediated Macrophage Inflammatory Response, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2006; 12 (32) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206778743574
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206778743574 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Recent Advances in PET Imaging for Skeletal Surgery Applications
Recent Patents on Medical Imaging Diversity of Human Immune System Multigene Families and its Implication in the Genetic Background of Rheumatic Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Stability of Ketoprofen Methylester in Plasma of Different Species
Current Drug Metabolism Patent Selections:
Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering Inducers of Heme Oxygenase-1
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Medicinal Chemistry Studies for Multitarget Agents-Part I
Current Drug Targets Anti-Saccharomyces Cerevisiae as Unusual Antibody in Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type III: A Case Report
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Multiclass Comparative Virtual Screening to Identify Novel Hsp90 Inhibitors: A Therapeutic Breast Cancer Drug Target
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry The World Against Versatile SARS-Cov-2 Nanomachines: Mythological or Reality?
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Flavonoids as Potential Anti-Allergic Substances
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents The Role of Inflammatory Response in Stroke Associated Programmed Cell Death
Current Neuropharmacology Investigation of the Roles of New Antiepileptic Drugs and Serum BDNF Levels in Efficacy and Safety Monitoring and Quality of Life: A Clinical Research
Current Clinical Pharmacology Role of Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery and Regenerative Therapy for Bone Diseases
Current Drug Delivery Midazolam Plus Haloperidol as Adjuvant Analgesics to Morphine in Opium Dependent Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Recognition of Leishmania Parasites by Innate Immunity
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) p-Cymene Modulate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Murine Macrophages: Potential Implication in Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Berberine: New Insights from Pharmacological Aspects to Clinical Evidences in the Management of Metabolic Disorders
Current Medicinal Chemistry Reciprocity in Microbiome and Immune System Interactions and its Implications in Disease and Health
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride-Loaded Eudragit® RL 100 and Kollidon® SR Based Nanoparticles: Formulation, In vitro Characterization and Cytotoxicity
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Targeting Hypertension: Superoxide Anions are Involved in Apelin-induced Long-term High Blood Pressure and Sympathetic Activity in the Paraventricular Nucleus
Current Neurovascular Research