Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc- and calcium-dependent secreted or membrane anchored endopeptidases. MMPs are involved in many physiological processes but also take part in the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for a wide range of diseases. Pathological expression and activation of MMPs are associated with cancer, atherosclerosis, stroke, arthritis, periodontal disease, multiple sclerosis and liver fibrosis. Thus, noninvasive visualisation and quantification of MMP activity in vivo are of great interest in basic research and clinical application. This can be achieved by scintigraphic molecular imaging techniques such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) provided suitable radiolabelled tracers exist, e.g. radioactive inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPIs). The approach to monitor MMP activity in vivo using radiolabelled small molecule inhibitors suitable for SPECT and PET is summarised in this review. Briefly, latest advances in scintigraphic imaging are introduced and followed by a report about the enzyme class of MMPs. The involvement of MMPs in cancer and atherosclerosis is exemplified and small molecule MMPIs are classified. Subsequently, the development of radiolabelled small molecule MMPIs, their synthesis and in vitro and in vivo evaluation is reviewed. Finally, an outlook on the clinical potential of labelled MMPIs in diagnostic algorithms is given.
Keywords: Matrix metalloproteinases, radiolabelled inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, CGS 27023A, molecular imaging, positron emission tomography PET, single photon emission computed tomography SPECT
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Molecular Imaging of Matrix Metalloproteinases In Vivo Using Small Molecule Inhibitors for SPECT and PET
Volume: 13 Issue: 23
Author(s): S. Wagner, H.-J. Breyholz, A. Faust, C. Holtke, B. Levkau, O. Schober, M. Schafers and K. Kopka
Affiliation:
Keywords: Matrix metalloproteinases, radiolabelled inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, CGS 27023A, molecular imaging, positron emission tomography PET, single photon emission computed tomography SPECT
Abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc- and calcium-dependent secreted or membrane anchored endopeptidases. MMPs are involved in many physiological processes but also take part in the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for a wide range of diseases. Pathological expression and activation of MMPs are associated with cancer, atherosclerosis, stroke, arthritis, periodontal disease, multiple sclerosis and liver fibrosis. Thus, noninvasive visualisation and quantification of MMP activity in vivo are of great interest in basic research and clinical application. This can be achieved by scintigraphic molecular imaging techniques such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) provided suitable radiolabelled tracers exist, e.g. radioactive inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPIs). The approach to monitor MMP activity in vivo using radiolabelled small molecule inhibitors suitable for SPECT and PET is summarised in this review. Briefly, latest advances in scintigraphic imaging are introduced and followed by a report about the enzyme class of MMPs. The involvement of MMPs in cancer and atherosclerosis is exemplified and small molecule MMPIs are classified. Subsequently, the development of radiolabelled small molecule MMPIs, their synthesis and in vitro and in vivo evaluation is reviewed. Finally, an outlook on the clinical potential of labelled MMPIs in diagnostic algorithms is given.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Wagner S., Breyholz H.-J., Faust A., Holtke C., Levkau B., Schober O., Schafers M. and Kopka K., Molecular Imaging of Matrix Metalloproteinases In Vivo Using Small Molecule Inhibitors for SPECT and PET, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2006; 13 (23) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706778522002
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706778522002 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
Current advances in inherited cardiomyopathy
Describe in detail all novel advances in multimodality imaging related to inherited cardiomyopathy diagnosis and prognosis. Shed light to deeper phenotypic characterization. Acknowledge recent advances in genetics, genomics and precision medicineread more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Synergism between Methanol Extract of Pine Needles and Antibiotics Against Oral Pathogens
Anti-Infective Agents Active Targeted Drug Delivery for Microbes Using Nano-Carriers
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Biomarkers of Regenerative Responses to Phenytoin in Periosteal Fibroblasts and Modulation by Histamine; Relevance to Inflammatory Repair
Recent Patents on Biomarkers Pivotal Roles of Interleukin-17 as the Epicenter of Bone Loss Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Analysis of the Salivary Microbiome in the Periodontal Disease Patients with Hypertension and Non-hypertension
Current Bioinformatics Osteoimmunology and Beyond
Current Medicinal Chemistry Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Prevents Autoimmune-Associated Down- Regulation of p21 in Salivary Gland Cells Through a p53-Independent Pathway
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Mucoadhesive Polymers for Delivery of Drugs to the Oral Cavity
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation The Use of Interferon-Gamma Therapy in Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery The Human Microbiome Project, Personalized Medicine and the Birth of Pharmacomicrobiomics
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Evaluation of Salivary Vitamin C and Catalase in HIV Positive and Healthy HIV Negative Control Group
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Bioreactors Design, Types, Influencing Factors and Potential Application in Dentistry. A Literature Review
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Revitalized Strategies Against Multi-Resistant Bacteria: Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy and Bacteriophage Therapy
Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Susceptibility Risk Alleles of -238G/A, -308G/A and -1031T/C Promoter Polymorphisms of TNF-α Gene to Uterine Leiomyomas
Recent Advances in DNA & Gene Sequences (Discontinued) Towards Personalized Regenerative Cell Therapy: Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Sulfonamides and Sulfonylated Derivatives as Anticancer Agents
Current Cancer Drug Targets Heat Shock Protein-60 and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Development, Pre-clinical Investigation and Histopathological Evaluation of Metronidazole Loaded Topical Formulation for Treatment of Skin Inflammatory Disorders
Drug Delivery Letters Potassium Channel Blockade by the Sea Anemone Toxin ShK for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Potential Biomarkers for Depression Associated with Coronary Artery Disease: A Critical Review
Current Molecular Medicine