Abstract
Complex immune systems require complex regulatory mechanisms. Whilst the control of innate and inflammatory responses is likely to be ancient in origin, and potentially ubiquitous in the animal kingdom, clearly the evolution of an adaptive immune system in vertebrates is likely to coincide with new regulatory mechanisms and molecules. Key amongst these is the cytokine network, well characterised in mammals and becoming increasingly well characterised in fish and birds. This article will review our current understanding of which components of this network are crucial for adaptive immunity and evolved early, being present from fish to mammals. It will also consider which components of this network potentially evolved later (after the fish-tetrapod divergence) leading to unique cytokine genes in particular vertebrate groups.
Keywords: Teleost, T-helper-1 (Th1), T-helper-2 (Th2), Cytokine evolution, Cell-mediated immunity, Humoral immunity, Xenopus
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Advances in Fish Cytokine Biology Give Clues to the Evolution of a Complex Network
Volume: 12 Issue: 24
Author(s): S. Bird, J. Zou and C. J. Secombes
Affiliation:
Keywords: Teleost, T-helper-1 (Th1), T-helper-2 (Th2), Cytokine evolution, Cell-mediated immunity, Humoral immunity, Xenopus
Abstract: Complex immune systems require complex regulatory mechanisms. Whilst the control of innate and inflammatory responses is likely to be ancient in origin, and potentially ubiquitous in the animal kingdom, clearly the evolution of an adaptive immune system in vertebrates is likely to coincide with new regulatory mechanisms and molecules. Key amongst these is the cytokine network, well characterised in mammals and becoming increasingly well characterised in fish and birds. This article will review our current understanding of which components of this network are crucial for adaptive immunity and evolved early, being present from fish to mammals. It will also consider which components of this network potentially evolved later (after the fish-tetrapod divergence) leading to unique cytokine genes in particular vertebrate groups.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Bird S., Zou J. and Secombes J. C., Advances in Fish Cytokine Biology Give Clues to the Evolution of a Complex Network, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2006; 12 (24) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206777947434
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206777947434 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
L1 Retrotransposon and Retinoblastoma: Molecular Linkages Between Epigenetics and Cancer
Current Molecular Medicine Glucocorticoid Receptors and Bone
Current Pharmaceutical Design Aptamer-Mediated Cancer Gene Therapy
Current Gene Therapy Sphingolipid Metabolism and Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Bortezomib in the Treatment of Cancer
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Epigenetic Multiple Modulators
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Overcoming the Drug Resistance Problem with Second-Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: From Enzymology to Structural Models
Current Medicinal Chemistry Senescence and Cell Death Pathways and Their Role in Cancer Therapeutic Outcome
Current Medicinal Chemistry Effect of DNA Repair Deficiencies on the Cytotoxicity of Drugs Used in Cancer Therapy - A Review
Current Medicinal Chemistry Cationicity and Hydrophobicity Enhance the Cytotoxic Potency of Phoratoxin C Anticancer Peptide Analogues against Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Current Bioactive Compounds Interaction of ABC Multidrug Transporters with Anticancer Protein Kinase Inhibitors: Substrates and/or Inhibitors?
Current Cancer Drug Targets Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Potent Anti-Leukemic Agents
Current Medicinal Chemistry Epigenetically - Targeted Therapies for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies
Current Medicinal Chemistry Lysine Acetyltransferases CBP and p300 as Therapeutic Targets in Cognitive and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design N6-Methyladenosine-Related RNA Signature Predicting the Prognosis of Ovarian Cancer
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Thiopurine Biotransformation and Pharmacological Effects: Contribution of Oxidative Stress
Current Drug Metabolism Analytical Methods for Metallothionein Detection
Current Analytical Chemistry Reviewing Colchicaceae Alkaloids – Perspectives of Evolution on Medicinal Chemistry
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Plasticity of T Cell Differentiation and Cytokine Signature: A Double-Edged Sword for Immune Responses
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Editorial [Hot Topic: Mechanisms of Drug Sensitivity and Resistance in Cancer (Guest Editor: Lorraine ODriscoll)]
Current Cancer Drug Targets