Dietary Fat and Hypertension: A Novel Approach Through the Proteolytic Regulatory Enzymes of the Renin-Angiotensin-System

J.   M.   Martinez-Martos; M.   J.   Ramirez-Exposito

Abstract

The role of individual fatty acids in blood pressure regulation is unclear, although it is known that the modifications in the levels of fatty acids in the diet are able to change the entire profile of fatty acids as well as cholesterol levels in cellular membranes. These chemical changes are accompanied by changes in the physiological state of the cellular membranes and have suggested an influence on cellular metabolism and of course, on the regulatory processes. Local and circulating renin-angiotensin-systems (RAS) are examples of systems that may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Angiotensin II (AngII) has been considered as the main effector peptide of the RAS, but other peptides derived from the metabolism of AngII, as angiotensin III (AngIII) and angiotensin IV (AngIV) have shown to play significant roles. This review will briefly summarize what is known about the effects of fatty acids, cholesterol and other related compounds on the activity of the aminopeptidases involved in the metabolism of Ang II and AngIII. We conclude that these enzyme activities may be modified in different way, and therefore, possible modifications in RAS and in cardiovascular illness may be possible too.

Keywords: Renin-angiotensin system, hypertension, aminopeptidase A, aminopeptidase B, aminopeptidase N, fatty acids, cholesterol, dietary manipulation