Abstract
The majority of the anti-inflammatory drugs routinely used nowadays are COX (cyclo-oxygenase) inhibitors. The important role of this enzyme, once known as prostanglandin synthase, in inflammation came a consequence of the discovery by the Nobel prize winner John Vane with his path-breaking discovery that aspirin and similar drugs exert their action by blocking the biosynthesis of the prostaglandin group of lipid mediators. (John R. Vane, Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1982 and references cited therein) In the last five years it has become clear that there are two such enzymes involved. One of the "cyclo-oxygenases", called COX1 is responsible for making prostaglandins, which among other things, protect the stomach and kidney from damage. It is now clear that inhibition of COX1 accounts for the unwanted side effects of aspirin-like drugs such as gastric irritation and renal damage. The other enzyme, COX2, is induced by inflammatory stimuli and it is prostaglandins made by this enzyme that contribute to the inflammation in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, concerning inflammation-related targets, one should not limit the interest to COX and PLA2 enzymes. In recent years, it has steadily become more clear, that modulation in the expression of genes underlies most cellular responses, and inflammation is certainly not an exception in this sense. It does not come as surprise that molecules showing ability to interfere with factors involved in the modulation of genes expression, such as NF-kB, have also to be considered potential anti-inflammatory agents. Also in this respect, marine natural products (MNP) have brought a collection of novel molecular entities displaying ability to target COX1/COX2, NF-kB or acting through molecular mechanisms yet-to-be-discovered. Following, the marine natural products accounted for within this review will be grouped on the basis of their bio-molecular targets. Chemical synthesis of particular relevant molecules will be also discussed, especially in those cases where the natural products can be considered as lead compounds for the development of simplified derivatives or analogues of potential pharmaceutical interest.
Keywords: Marine natural products, anti-inflammatory, cyclooxygenase, NF-kB
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Chemistry and Biology of Anti-Inflammatory Marine Natural Products:Molecules Interfering with Cyclooxygenase, NF-kB and Other Unidentified Targets
Volume: 13 Issue: 16
Author(s): Stefania Terracciano, Maurizio Aquino, Manuela Rodriquez, Maria Chiara Monti, Agostino Casapullo, Raffaele Riccio and Luigi Gomez-Paloma
Affiliation:
Keywords: Marine natural products, anti-inflammatory, cyclooxygenase, NF-kB
Abstract: The majority of the anti-inflammatory drugs routinely used nowadays are COX (cyclo-oxygenase) inhibitors. The important role of this enzyme, once known as prostanglandin synthase, in inflammation came a consequence of the discovery by the Nobel prize winner John Vane with his path-breaking discovery that aspirin and similar drugs exert their action by blocking the biosynthesis of the prostaglandin group of lipid mediators. (John R. Vane, Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1982 and references cited therein) In the last five years it has become clear that there are two such enzymes involved. One of the "cyclo-oxygenases", called COX1 is responsible for making prostaglandins, which among other things, protect the stomach and kidney from damage. It is now clear that inhibition of COX1 accounts for the unwanted side effects of aspirin-like drugs such as gastric irritation and renal damage. The other enzyme, COX2, is induced by inflammatory stimuli and it is prostaglandins made by this enzyme that contribute to the inflammation in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, concerning inflammation-related targets, one should not limit the interest to COX and PLA2 enzymes. In recent years, it has steadily become more clear, that modulation in the expression of genes underlies most cellular responses, and inflammation is certainly not an exception in this sense. It does not come as surprise that molecules showing ability to interfere with factors involved in the modulation of genes expression, such as NF-kB, have also to be considered potential anti-inflammatory agents. Also in this respect, marine natural products (MNP) have brought a collection of novel molecular entities displaying ability to target COX1/COX2, NF-kB or acting through molecular mechanisms yet-to-be-discovered. Following, the marine natural products accounted for within this review will be grouped on the basis of their bio-molecular targets. Chemical synthesis of particular relevant molecules will be also discussed, especially in those cases where the natural products can be considered as lead compounds for the development of simplified derivatives or analogues of potential pharmaceutical interest.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Terracciano Stefania, Aquino Maurizio, Rodriquez Manuela, Chiara Monti Maria, Casapullo Agostino, Riccio Raffaele and Gomez-Paloma Luigi, Chemistry and Biology of Anti-Inflammatory Marine Natural Products:Molecules Interfering with Cyclooxygenase, NF-kB and Other Unidentified Targets, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2006; 13 (16) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706777585095
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706777585095 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
PEGylation of Proteins and Liposomes: a Powerful and Flexible Strategy to Improve the Drug Delivery
Current Drug Metabolism Recent Advances in the Development of Anti-Infective Prophylactic and/or Therapeutic Agents Based on Toll-Like Receptor (TLRs)
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Effect of Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> on Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans
Current Aging Science A Systems Biology Approach for miRNA-mRNA Expression Patterns Analysis in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Pandemic of Atopic Diseases - A Lack of Microbial Exposure in Early Infancy?
Current Drug Targets - Infectious Disorders Anti-Inflammatory Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease from Epidemiological Fact to New Mechanisms of Action
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Impact of HLA Haplotype on the Response to Antipsychotic Treatment of Schizophrenia
Current Pharmacogenomics Why Should Rheumatologists Consider Vitamin D Supplementation for their Patients?
Current Rheumatology Reviews Insights into Targeting NEMO for Pharmacological Regulation
Current Drug Targets Research Advances of Endostatin and its Short Internal Fragments
Current Protein & Peptide Science Biological Agents in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Link Between Immune Tolerance and Immune Surveillance
Current Rheumatology Reviews Lactoferrin as a Natural Immune Modulator
Current Pharmaceutical Design Unravelling the Role of Infectious Agents in the Pathogenesis of Human Autoimmunity: The Hypothesis of the Retroviral Involvement Revisited
Current Molecular Medicine The Role of Lymphotoxin Receptor Signaling in Diseases
Current Molecular Medicine Editorial [Hot topic: New Developments in the Treatment and Prevention of Vascular Disease - Part 1 (Executive Editors: N. Katsiki, V.G. Athyros and D.P. Mikhailidis)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design Hypoxia as an Initiator of Neuroinflammation: Microglial Connections
Current Neuropharmacology Desensitization for Drug Hypersensitivity to Chemotherapy and Monoclonal Antibodies
Current Pharmaceutical Design Inflammation and Chronic Oxidative Stress in Radiation-Induced Late Normal Tissue Injury: Therapeutic Implications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Role of the heme oxygenase-adiponectin-atrial natriuretic peptide axis in renal function
Current Pharmaceutical Design Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors Blockers as New Drugs for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry