Abstract
Despite the fact that neurons are rarely infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), neuronal loss is common in patients with HIV infection, likely due to the effects of viral proteins and inflammatory mediators on these cells. Despite the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), at least in developed nations, cognitive impairment and other neurological complications of HIV infection persist with devastating personal and socioeconomic consequences. Fortunately, we have made important advances in recent years in defining the molecular mechanisms by which HIV infection targets the nervous system for damage. Such understanding has opened numerous therapeutic options, which are only now beginning to be exploited. This review will highlight the current state of thought regarding the neuropathogenesis of HIV infection. It will summarize the most recent research looking at the roles of both viral and host factors in mediating HIV-induced neurological disease. Utilizing this knowledge base, a framework will be outlined for current and future therapeutic trials to prevent or improve neurological complications of HIV infection.
Keywords: HIV dementia, Tat, gp120, MMP, TNF, cytokines, blood brain barrier, HAART
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Developments in HIV Neuropathogenesis
Volume: 12 Issue: 9
Author(s): Avindra Nath and Jeffrey A. Rumbaugh
Affiliation:
Keywords: HIV dementia, Tat, gp120, MMP, TNF, cytokines, blood brain barrier, HAART
Abstract: Despite the fact that neurons are rarely infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), neuronal loss is common in patients with HIV infection, likely due to the effects of viral proteins and inflammatory mediators on these cells. Despite the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), at least in developed nations, cognitive impairment and other neurological complications of HIV infection persist with devastating personal and socioeconomic consequences. Fortunately, we have made important advances in recent years in defining the molecular mechanisms by which HIV infection targets the nervous system for damage. Such understanding has opened numerous therapeutic options, which are only now beginning to be exploited. This review will highlight the current state of thought regarding the neuropathogenesis of HIV infection. It will summarize the most recent research looking at the roles of both viral and host factors in mediating HIV-induced neurological disease. Utilizing this knowledge base, a framework will be outlined for current and future therapeutic trials to prevent or improve neurological complications of HIV infection.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Nath Avindra and Rumbaugh A. Jeffrey, Developments in HIV Neuropathogenesis, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2006; 12 (9) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206776055877
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206776055877 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
An Overview on Inventions Related to Ginger Processing and Products for food and Pharmaceutical Applications
Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture The Male Abnormal Gene Family 21 (Mab21) Members Regulate Eye Development
Current Molecular Medicine Polypharmacology in a Single Drug: Multitarget Drugs
Current Medicinal Chemistry Relationship between Inflammatory Mediators, Aβ Levels and ApoE Genotype in Alzheimer Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Clinical Proteomics in Application to Predictive Diagnostics and Personalized Treatment of Diabetic Patients
Current Proteomics Highly Pure Phospholipids Based Brain Docosahexaenoic Acid Transporters
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Neuropharmacological Actions of Metformin in Stroke
Current Neuropharmacology Patterns of Cognitive Impairment in Neurological Disease
Current Psychiatry Reviews The Usefulness of Amyloid Imaging in Predicting the Clinical Outcome After Two Years in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Current Alzheimer Research Nitric Oxide: Target for Therapeutic Strategies in Alzheimers Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Ca2+ Signalling in Damaged Endothelium and Arterial Remodelling: Do Connexin Hemichannels Provide a Suitable Target to Prevent In-stent Restenosis?
Current Drug Therapy Spirocyclohexadienones as an Uncommon Scaffold for Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity
Medicinal Chemistry Epidemiology and Costs of Hypertension-related Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Prader-Willi Syndrome: Clinical Genetics and Diagnostic Aspects with Treatment Approaches
Current Pediatric Reviews The “Aged Garlic Extract” (AGE) and One of its Active Ingredients S-Allyl-LCysteine (SAC) as Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Agents for Alzheimer's Disease (AD)
Current Medicinal Chemistry Intrathecal Administration of Melatonin Ameliorates the Neuroinflammation- Mediated Sensory and Motor Dysfunction in A Rat Model of Compression Spinal Cord Injury
Current Molecular Pharmacology Frailty of Older Age: The Role of the Endocrine - Immune Interaction
Current Pharmaceutical Design Protective Effect of Notoginsenoside R1 on an APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease by Up-Regulating Insulin Degrading Enzyme and Inhibiting Aβ Accumulation
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Dementia Etiologies and Remedies in Traditional Persian Medicine; A Review of Medicinal Plants and Phytochemistry
Current Drug Metabolism Nutritional Deficiency in Early Life Facilitates Aging-Associated Cognitive Decline
Current Alzheimer Research