Abstract
During the last decade immunomodulatory treatments have been shown to influence the natural course of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) still occurs and repair mechanisms are incomplete leading to neurological deficits. Currently, there is no therapy available to promote remyelination and thus enhance repair mechanisms. Both immunoglobulins directed against spinal cord homogenate and polyclonal immunoglobulins for intravenous use (IVIg) have been shown to support remyelination in the animal model of Theilers virus encephalomyelitis (TMEV). Further studies have identified monoclonal antibodies that lead to remyelination in TMEV and a toxic demyelination model using lysolecithin. The shared characteristics of these monoclonal antibodies are an IgM isotype and the capacity to bind oligodendrocytes, independent of epitope specificity. Recently, two human monoclonal antibodies with remyelinating properties were described. Clinical trials with IVIg have so far failed to demonstrate clinical improvement in MS patients, but these studies only employed IgG preparations. However, recent experimental data both in vivo and in vitro underline the importance of IgM for remyelination. Thus future clinical trials are needed to evaluate the remyelination potential of IgM in human diseases. The design of monoclonal antibodies capable of promoting remyelination is a telling example for the design of new specific therapies derived from biological products like polyclonal immunoglobulins.
Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, remyelination, immunoglobulin, IVIg, immunomodulation
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Promotion of Remyelination by Immunoglobulins: Implications for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis
Volume: 12 Issue: 2
Author(s): C. Trebst and M. Stangel
Affiliation:
Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, remyelination, immunoglobulin, IVIg, immunomodulation
Abstract: During the last decade immunomodulatory treatments have been shown to influence the natural course of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) still occurs and repair mechanisms are incomplete leading to neurological deficits. Currently, there is no therapy available to promote remyelination and thus enhance repair mechanisms. Both immunoglobulins directed against spinal cord homogenate and polyclonal immunoglobulins for intravenous use (IVIg) have been shown to support remyelination in the animal model of Theilers virus encephalomyelitis (TMEV). Further studies have identified monoclonal antibodies that lead to remyelination in TMEV and a toxic demyelination model using lysolecithin. The shared characteristics of these monoclonal antibodies are an IgM isotype and the capacity to bind oligodendrocytes, independent of epitope specificity. Recently, two human monoclonal antibodies with remyelinating properties were described. Clinical trials with IVIg have so far failed to demonstrate clinical improvement in MS patients, but these studies only employed IgG preparations. However, recent experimental data both in vivo and in vitro underline the importance of IgM for remyelination. Thus future clinical trials are needed to evaluate the remyelination potential of IgM in human diseases. The design of monoclonal antibodies capable of promoting remyelination is a telling example for the design of new specific therapies derived from biological products like polyclonal immunoglobulins.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Trebst C. and Stangel M., Promotion of Remyelination by Immunoglobulins: Implications for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2006; 12 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206775193118
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206775193118 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Patent Annotations
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Potential Therapeutic Targets for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Lessons Learned from Calorie Restriction
Current Drug Targets Induction of Serine Racemase Expression and D-Serine Release from Microglia by Secreted Amyloid Precursor Protein (sAPP)
Current Alzheimer Research Microglial Integrity is Maintained by Erythropoietin Through Integration of Akt and Its Substrates of lycogen Synthase Kinase-3β, β-Catenin, and Nuclear Factor-κB
Current Neurovascular Research Efficient Expression and Purification of Recombinant Therapeutic Protein Candidates, Human Midkine and Pleiotrophin
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology The Skeletal Muscle Environment and Its Role in Immunity and Tolerance to AAV Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer
Current Gene Therapy Regulation of B Cell Activation by PECAM-1: Implications for the Development of Autoimmune Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design From TGF-β to Cancer Therapy
Current Drug Targets Cerebral Malaria - A Neurovascular Pathology with Many Riddles Still to be Solved
Current Neurovascular Research Activation and Costimulation of Intestinal T Cells: Independent and Collaborative Involvement of CD43, OX40, and Ly-6C
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Strategies to Convert PACAP from a Hypophysiotropic Neurohormone Into a Neuroprotective Drug
Current Pharmaceutical Design All in the Family: The TNF-TNFR Superfamily in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and other Inflammatory Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Guiding Lineage Specific Differentiation of SHED for Target Tissue/Organ Regeneration
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy In vitro And In vivo Immunomodulating Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Use of Anti-Cancer Drugs, Mitocans, to Enhance the Immune Responses against Tumors
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lysosomal Storage Diseases and the Blood-Brain Barrier
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nerve Growth Factor and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Schizophrenia and Depression: Findings in Humans, and Animal Models
Current Neuropharmacology Meet Our Editorial Board Member
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Immunotherapy for Conformational Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Microglia-Neuron Interaction in Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases: Role of Cholinergic and Noradrenergic Systems
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets