Title:Tin as an Emerging Surrogate for Lead-free Perovskite Solar Cells
VOLUME: 10
Author(s):Arunkumar Prabhakaran Shyma, Andrews Nirmala Grace, Vimala Raghavan, George Jacob and Raja Sellappan*
Affiliation:Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014
Keywords:Tin based Perovskite solar cell, Compositional engineering, Additive aided modification, Solar cell, oxidation
stability
Abstract:Perovskite-based photovoltaic technology has gained significant attention owing to its tunable electrical and
optical properties. Among them, lead-based perovskites are considered as the most efficient one that delivers maximum
power conversion efficiency with ample stability. In the current scenario, the perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) can be
classified into two main categories, i.e., highly efficient lead-containing and underperforming lead-free based. Even though
lead-based PSCs delivers high efficiency, it loses the charm in the context of lead toxicity. The toxicity issue related to lead
stands as a barrier to the commercialization of lead-based PSCs. To date, various materials have been prepared and
implemented as an alternative to lead in the absorber layer. Tin (Sn) based perovskites are explored as an alternative absorber
material owing to its photovoltaic properties that are comparable to lead. Tin-based perovskites exhibit some drawbacks,
such as rapid crystallization, lack of oxidation stability, etc. Many research group has addressed the problems regarding tinbased perovskites and modified its structural and morphological aspects through compositional engineering as well as
functional additives and managed to obtain an efficiency of around 10 %. In this review, we portray the state of the art
developments of tin-based PSCs and its future perspectives.
