Generic placeholder image

Current Nanomaterials

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2405-4615
ISSN (Online): 2405-4623

Review Article

A Review on Emerging Trend of Medical Armour - Nanorobot

Author(s): Aparna Gupta and Lalit Singh*

Volume 6, Issue 1, 2021

Published on: 11 November, 2020

Page: [58 - 65] Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/2405461505999201111202239

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Prevention and control of infected cell growth is the major task to work in the medical field and this enforces the formulary scientists to develop such dosage forms or devices that can eradicate such medical issues and provide ease to the patient. So, with this viewpoint, in the current scenario, scientists are working on such approaches, which can easily reach the suffering site to diagnose and treat such medical issues.

Objective: This analytical work mainly aims towards assessing some approach, which assists the system to reach the suffering site easily and rapidly as well as work on the site for better therapeutic benefit. This may be achieved by developing a nanorobot, which is the finest nanotechnology that can act as a medical armor for fighting against dreadful diseases like cancer.

Methods: It is able to deal at a molecular level with precision at nanoscale measurement. They are often known by the name nanomedicines, which can deliver the payload (drug) at the site of action.

Results: Nanorobot offers a number of advantages over present methods of drug delivery like improved bioavailability, targeting the site of action, fewer surgeon mistakes, and capable of reaching out to devious areas of the body. Nanorobots are manufactured with the complete integration of onboard sensors, power supplies, motors, manipulators, and molecular computers. Their generation was originated from the idea of carbon nanotubes.

Conclusion: Nanorobot may bring up a new era in the field of nanotechnology. So, nanorobots are emerging as a beneficial tool for the treatment of various human diseases and are bringing improvement in the human biological system.

Keywords: Nanorobots, arbon nanotubes, anorobot ontrol esign (NCD), anomedicine, ayload, olecular computers.

Graphical Abstract
[1]
Cavalcanti A, Shirinzadeh B, Zhang M, Kretly LC. Nanorobot hardware architecture for medical defense. Sensors (Basel) 2008; 8(5): 2932-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s8052932] [PMID: 27879858]
[2]
Abhilash M. Potential applications of Nanoparticles. Int J Pharma Bio Sci 2010; 1: 1-2.
[3]
Yarin AL. Nanofibers, nanofluids, nanoparticles and nanobots for drug and protein delivery systems. Scientia Pharmaceutica 2010; 78(3): 542.
[4]
Hill C, Amodeo A, Joseph JV, Patel HRH. Nano- and microrobotics: how far is the reality? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2008; 8(12): 1891-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737140.8.12.1891] [PMID: 19046109]
[5]
Singh L, Ritesh KT, Verma S, Sharma V. The future of artificial intelligence in pharmaceutical product formulation. Drug Deliv Lett 2019. Epub ahead of print
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210303109666190621144400]
[6]
Hilleman MR. Overview: cause and prevention in biowarfare and bioterrorism. Vaccine 2002; 20(25-26): 3055-67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00300-6] [PMID: 12163257]
[7]
Devasena Uma IR, Brindha Dev IP, Thiruchelvi R. A review on DNA nanobots - a new technique for cancer treatment. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018; 11: 61-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i6.25015]
[8]
Upadhyay VP, Sonawat M, Singh KV, Merugu R. Nano robots in medicine: a review. Int J Eng Technol Management Res 2017; 4: 27-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v4.i12.2017.588]
[9]
Sivasankar M, Durairaj RB. Brief review on nano robots in bio medical applications. Adv Robotics Automation 2012; 1(1): 1-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2168-9695.1000101]
[10]
Manjunath A, Kishore V. The promising future in medicine: nanorobots. Biomed Sci Eng 2014; 2: 42-7.
[11]
Soto F, Chrostowski R. Frontiers of medical micro/nanorobotics: in vivo applications and commercialization perspectives toward clinical uses. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6: 170.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2018.00170] [PMID: 30488033]
[12]
Douglas SM, Bachelet I, Church GM. A logic-gated nanorobot for targeted transport of molecular payloads. Science 2012; 335(6070): 831-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1214081] [PMID: 22344439]
[13]
Raaja DK, Ajay V, Jayadev SG, Kumar M, Karthikeyan NS, Ravichandran C. Mini review on nanobots in human surgery and cancer therapy. Available at: http://www.ijsrme.rdmodernresearch. com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/CP-032.pdf 2020.
[14]
Nikitin MP, Shipunova VO, Deyev SM, Nikitin PI. Biocomputing based on particle disassembly. Nat Nanotechnol 2014; 9(9): 716-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.156] [PMID: 25129073]
[15]
Devasena Umai R, Brindha Devi P, Thiruchelvi R. A review on DNA nanobots - a new technique for cancer treatment. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018; 11: 61-4.
[16]
Boniface JJ, Rabinowitz JD, Wülfing C, et al. Initiation of signal transduction through the T cell receptor requires the multivalent engagement of peptide/MHC ligands. Immunity 1998; 9(4): 459-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80629-9] [PMID: 9806632]
[17]
Andhari S, Wavhale R, Dhobale K, et al. Self-propelling targeted magneto nanobots for deep tumor penetration and ph-responsive intracellular drug delivery. Sci Rep 2020; 10(1): 1-6.
[18]
[19]
Sitti M, Ceylan H, Hu W, et al. Biomedical Applications of Untethered Mobile Milli/Microrobots. IEEE 2015; 103: 205-4.
[20]
Yun Y, Dong Z, Shanov VN, Schulz MJ. Electrochemical impedance measurement of prostate cancer cells using carbon nanotube array electrodes in a microfluidic channel. Nanotechnology 2007; 18(46): 465505.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/18/46/465505] [PMID: 21730479]
[21]
Carlsen RW, Sitti M. Bio-hybrid cell-based actuators for microsystems. Small 2014; 10(19): 3831-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201400384] [PMID: 24895215]
[22]
Jiang H, Wang S, Xu W. Construction of medical nanorobot. IEEE Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1708613/authors#authors2020
[23]
DNA Nanorobot Targets Cells for Molecular Delivery. Scitable, by Nature Education Available at: https://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/bio2.0/dna_nanorobot_targets_cells_for/ 2020.
[24]
Sharma R. Photodynamic therapy of Alzheimer’s disease using intrathecal nanorobot drug delivery of curcuma longa for enhanced bioavailability. J Sci Res Rep 2013; 2: 206-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/JSRR/2013/2942]
[25]
Nanorobotics - a smarter and targeted way to attack cancer. Scientific European. Available at: https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/nanorobotics-a-smarter-and-targeted-way-to-attack-cancer2020
[26]
Martel S, Mohammadi M, Felfoul O, Lu Z, Pouponneau P. Flagellated magnetotactic bacteria as controlled MRI-trackable propulsion and steering systems for medical nanorobots operating in the human microvasculature. Int J Robot Res 2009; 28(4): 571-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364908100924] [PMID: 19890435]
[27]
S, Mohammadi M, Tahekhani S, Tabrizian M, Lanauze D, Felfoul O. Computer 3D controlled bacterial transports and aggregations of microbial adhered nano-components. 2014; 9: 23-4.
[28]
Peyer K, Zhangb L, Nelson B. Bio-inspired magnetic swimming microrobots for biomedical applications. Nanoscale Royal Society of Chemistry. Available at: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2013/nr/c2nr32554c/unauth#!divAbstract 2020.
[29]
Solovev AA, Mei Y, Bermúdez Ureña E, Huang G, Schmidt OG. Catalytic microtubular jet engines self-propelled by accumulated gas bubbles. Small 2009; 5(14): 1688-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.200900021] [PMID: 19373828]
[30]
Ghosh A, Fischer P. Controlled propulsion of artificial magnetic nanostructured propellers. Nano Lett 2009; 9(6): 2243-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl900186w] [PMID: 19413293]
[31]
Garcia-Gradilla V, Orozco J, Sattayasamitsathit S, et al. Functionalized ultrasound-propelled magnetically guided nanomotors: toward practical biomedical applications. ACS Nano 2013; 7(10): 9232-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn403851v] [PMID: 23971861]
[32]
Magdanz V, Medina-Sánchez M, Chen Y, Guix M, Schmidt OG. How to improve spermbot performance. Adv Funct Mater 2015; 25: 2763-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201500015]
[33]
Li J, Ávila F, Gao W, Zhang L, Wang J. Micro/Nanorobots for Biomedicine: Delivery, Surgery, Sensing, and Detoxification. HHS Public Access. Available at: https://robotics.sciencemag.org/content/2/4/eaam6431 2020.
[34]
Singh AV, Ansari MHD, Laux P, Luch A. Micro-nanorobots: important considerations when developing novel drug delivery platforms. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16(11): 1259-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2019.1676228] [PMID: 31580731]
[35]
Bozuyuk U, Yasa O, Yasa IC, Ceylan H, Kizilel S, Sitti M. Light-triggered drug release from 3D-printed magnetic chitosan microswimmers. ACS Nano 2018; 12(9): 9617-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b05997] [PMID: 30203963]
[36]
Bhuyan M, Swagata B. Nanorobots- a panacea to HIV. Int Res J Eng Technol 2016; 3: 1309-15.
[37]
Çelikten A, Çetin A. Recent advances, issues and patents on medical nanorobots. Recent Pat Eng 2006; 10(1): 28-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872212110666160112233225]
[38]
Khulbe P. Nanorobots: a review. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2018; 1-7.
[39]
Kumar R, Baghe LO, Sidar SK. Applications of nanorobotics. Int J Sci Res Eng Technol 2014; 3: 1131-7.
[40]
Barton NR, Donoghue EO, Short JM, Lafferty WM, Chow K. Polymeric cannulae proteins, nucleic acids encoding them and methods for making and using them. US Patents 0050208121A1, 2005.
[41]
Solomon N. Hybrid control system for collectives of evolvable nanorobots and microrobots. US Patents 20080269948 A1, 2008.
[42]
Fritsch MH, Fritsch JH, Fritsch J. Intracochlear Nanotechnology and perfusion hearing aid device. US Patents US20070225776A1, 2010.
[43]
Bachelet I, Douglas S, Church G. DNA origami devices. US Patents 2013/0224859 A1, 2013.
[44]
Solomon N. Intelligent multifunctional medical device apparatus and components. US Patents 2013/0224859 A1, 2014.
[45]
Reiner B. Method and apparatus for embedded sensors in diagnostic and therapeutic medical devices. US Patents 017/0231573 A1, 2017.
[46]
Taya M. Ferromagnetic shaped memory alloy nano-actuator and method of use. US Patents 2018/0116744 A1, 2018.
[47]
Wang J, Zhang L. Micromotors and nanomotors for gastrointestinal diagnosis and treatment applications. US Patents WO 2018/129390 Al, 2018.
[48]
Yan H. Dna nanorobot and methods of use thereof. US Patents WO 2019/109707 AI, 2019.
[49]
Eshaghian-Wilner MM. Bio-inspired and nanoscale integrated computing. New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons 2009; Vol. 1: pp. 1009-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470429983]
[50]
Saadeh Y, Vyas D. Nanorobotic applications in medicine: current proposals and designs. Am J Robot Surg 2014; 1(1): 4-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/ajrs.2014.1010] [PMID: 26361635]
[51]
Feynman R. There's plenty of room at the bottom', Nanotechnology lecture. Available at: https://speakola.com/ideas/richard-feynman-nanotechnology-lecture-19592019
[52]
Tripathi R. Kumar. Application of nanorobotics for cancer treatment. Science Direct 2018; 3: 9114-7.
[53]
Rifat T, Hossain MS, Alam MM, Rouf ASS. A review on applications of nanobots in combating complex diseases. Bangladesh Pharm J 2019; 22: 99-108.
[54]
Loukanov A, Nikolova S, Filipov C, Nakabayashi S. Nanomaterials for cancer medication: from individual nanoparticles toward nanomachines and nanorobots. 2019; 66: 147-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37739]
[55]
Park JW. Liposome-based drug delivery in breast cancer treatment. Breast Cancer Res 2002; 4(3): 95-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bcr432] [PMID: 12052251]
[56]
Keck CM, Müller RH. Drug nanocrystals of poorly soluble drugs produced by high pressure homogenisation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2006; 62(1): 3-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2005.05.009] [PMID: 16129588]
[57]
Suman K, Chandrasekhar VSRP, Balaji S. Drug nanocrystals: a novel formulation approach for poorly soluble drugs. Int J Pharm Tech Res 2009; 1: 682-94.
[58]
Masood F. Polymeric nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery system for cancer therapy. Mater Sci Eng C 2016; 60: 569-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.067] [PMID: 26706565]
[59]
Bhattacharya R, Patra C, Earl A, et al. Attaching folic acid on gold nanoparticles using noncovalent interaction via different polyethylene glycol backbones and targeting of cancer cells. Nanomedicine 2007; 3: 224-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2007.07.001]
[60]
Dietz H, Douglas SM, Shih WM. Folding DNA into twisted and curved nanoscale shapes. Science 2009; 325(5941): 725-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1174251] [PMID: 19661424]
[61]
Hamdi M, Ferreira A, Sharma G, Mavroidis C. Prototyping bio-nanorobots using molecular dynamics simulation and virtual reality. Microelectronics J 2008; 39: 190-201.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2006.12.003]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy