Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Rheumatology Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-3971
ISSN (Online): 1875-6360

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Current Therapeutic Options for the Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Author(s): Ioanna G. Saougou, Theodora E. Markatseli, Paraskevi V. Voulgari and Alexandros A. Drosos*

Volume 17, Issue 1, 2021

Published on: 17 September, 2020

Page: [41 - 57] Pages: 17

DOI: 10.2174/1573403X16999200917151805

Price: $65

Abstract

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory disease and an exclusion diagnosis that includes all forms of arthritis that persists for more than 6 weeks under the age of 16. Although there is not yet a cure for JIA, and recent advances in the therapeutic field have created a more hopeful present and future for the patients. In the past, therapies for JIA have depended on non-steroidal medication, conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and corticosteroids. However, over the last decades, the advent of biologic therapies in JIA contributed to the preservation of functional activity, control of pain, avoidance of joint damage, and extra-articular manifestations. Furthermore, over the last years, international institutions, such as the American College of Rheumatology, have released recommendations and guidelines for rheumatologists for optimal JIA management. All the above have revolutionized the treatment of JIA with promising outcomes. To this end, the relevant literature is reviewed and discussed appropriately.

Keywords: JIA, classification criteria, ACR recommendation, treatment, csDMARDs, bDMARDs.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Harris JG, Kessler EA, Verbsky JW. Update on the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2013; 13(4): 337-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11882-013-0351-2] [PMID: 23605168]
[2]
Thierry S, Fautrel B, Lemelle I, Guillemin F. Prevalence and incidence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A systematic review. Joint Bone Spine 2014; 81(2): 112-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2013.09.003] [PMID: 24210707]
[3]
Petty RE, Southwood TR, Manners P, et al. International league of associations for rheumatology. International league of associations for rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol 2004; 31(2): 390-2.
[PMID: 14760812]
[4]
Nigrovic PA, Raychaudhuri S, Thompson SD. Review: Genetics and the classification of arthritis in adults and children. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70(1): 7-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.40350] [PMID: 29024575]
[5]
Martini A, Ravelli A, Avcin T, et al. Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization (PRINTO). Toward new classification criteria for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: First steps, Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization International Consensus. J Rheumatol 2019; 46(2): 190-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.180168] [PMID: 30275259]
[6]
Seid M, Opipari L, Huang B, Brunner HI, Lovell DJ. Disease control and health-related quality of life in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2009; 61(3): 393-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.24477]
[7]
Zak M, Pedersen FK. Juvenile chronic arthritis into adulthood: A long-term follow-up study. Rheumatology 2000; 39(2): 198-204.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/39.2.198] [PMID: 10725073]
[8]
Ringold S, Ward TM, Wallace CA. Disease activity and fatigue in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 2013; 65(3): 391-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.21801] [PMID: 22807336]
[9]
Minden K, Niewerth M, Listing J, et al. Long-term outcome in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46(9): 2392-401.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.10444] [PMID: 12355487]
[10]
Lin YT, Wang CT, Gershwin ME, Chiang BL. The pathogenesis of oligoarticular/polyarticular vs systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 10(8): 482-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2011.02.001] [PMID: 21320644]
[11]
Mangge H, Kenzian H, Gallistl S, et al. Serum cytokines in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Correlation with conventional inflammation parameters and clinical subtypes. Arthritis Rheum 1995; 38(2): 211-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.1780380209] [PMID: 7848311]
[12]
Beukelman T, Patkar NM, Saag KG, et al. 2011 American College of Rheumatology recommendations for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Initiation and safety monitoring of therapeutic agents for the treatment of arthritis and systemic features. Arthritis Care Res 2011; 63(4): 465-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.20460] [PMID: 21452260]
[13]
Ringold S, Weiss PF, Beukelman T, et al. 2013 update of the 2011 American College of Rheumatology recommendations for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: recommendations for the medical therapy of children with sJIA and tuberculosis screening among children receiving biologic medications. Arthritis Care Res 2013; 65(10): 1551-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.22087] [PMID: 24078300]
[14]
Ringold S, Angeles-Han ST, Beukelman T, et al. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation guideline for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Therapeutic approaches for non-systemic polyarthritis, sacroiliitis, and enthesitis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71(6): 846-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.40884] [PMID: 31021537]
[15]
Vora SS, Bengtson CE, Syverson GD, Nocton JJ. An evaluation of the utility of routine laboratory monitoring of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): A retrospective review. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2010; 8: 11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1546-0096-8-11] [PMID: 20398286]
[16]
Ruperto N, Nikishina I, Pachanov ED, et al. Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial of two doses of meloxicam compared with naproxen in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Short and long-term efficacy and safety results. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52(2): 563-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.20860] [PMID: 15692986]
[17]
Foeldvari I, Burgos-Vargas R, Thon A, Tuerck D. High response rate in the phase I/II study of meloxicam in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2002; 29(5): 1079-83.
[PMID: 12022326]
[18]
Foeldvari I, Szer IS, Zemel LS, et al. A prospective study comparing celecoxib with naproxen in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2009; 36(1): 174-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.080073] [PMID: 19012356]
[19]
Chhabra A, Oen K, Huber AM, et al. ReACCh-Out Investigators. Real-world effectiveness of common treatment strategies for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results from a canadian cohort. Arthritis Care Res 2020; 72(7): 897-906.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.23922] [PMID: 31074591]
[20]
Keenan GF, Giannini EH, Athreya BH. Clinically significant gastropathy associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1995; 22(6): 1149-51.
[PMID: 7674245]
[21]
Ardoin SP, Sundy JS. Update on nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2006; 18(3): 221-6.
[PMID: 16582683]
[22]
Dowd JE, Cimaz R, Fink CW. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-induced gastroduodenal injury in children. Arthritis Rheum 1995; 38(9): 1225-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.1780380908] [PMID: 7575716]
[23]
Hermaszewski R, Hayllar J, Woo P. Gastro-duodenal damage due to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in children. Br J Rheumatol 1993; 32(1): 69-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/32.1.69] [PMID: 8422564]
[24]
Mulberg AE, Verhave M. Identification and treatment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastroduodenal injury in children. Am J Dis Child 1993; 147(12): 1280-1.
[PMID: 8249943]
[25]
Szer IS, Goldenstein-Schainberg C, Kurtin PS. Paucity of renal complications associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in children with chronic arthritis. J Pediatr 1991; 119(5): 815-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80309-9] [PMID: 1941392]
[26]
De Silva B, Banney L, Uttley W, Luqmani R, Schofield O. Pseudoporphyria and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Dermatol 2000; 17(6): 480-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1470.2000.01827.x] [PMID: 11123786]
[27]
Schiappapietra B, Varnier G, Rosina S, Consolaro A, Martini A, Ravelli A. Glucocorticoids in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Neuroimmunomodulation 2015; 22(1-2): 112-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000362732] [PMID: 25227183]
[28]
Nieto-González JC, Monteagudo I. Intra-articular joint injections in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: state of the art. Reumatol Clin 2019; 15(2): 69-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reumae.2018.07.003] [PMID: 30243614]
[29]
Papadopoulou C, Kostik M, Gonzalez-Fernandez MI, et al. Delineating the role of multiple intraarticular corticosteroid injections in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the biologic era. Arthritis Care Res 2013; 65(7): 1112-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.21947] [PMID: 23335483]
[30]
Zulian F, Martini G, Gobber D, Plebani M, Zacchello F, Manners P. Triamcinolone acetonide and hexacetonide intra-articular treatment of symmetrical joints in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A double-blind trial. Rheumatology 2004; 43(10): 1288-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keh313] [PMID: 15252213]
[31]
Zulian F, Martini G, Gobber D, Agosto C, Gigante C, Zacchello F. Comparison of intra-articular triamcinolone hexacetonide and triamcinolone acetonide in oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology 2003; 42(10): 1254-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keg358] [PMID: 12810938]
[32]
Blyth T, Hunter JA, Stirling A. Pain relief in the rheumatoid knee after steroid injection. A single-blind comparison of hydrocortisone succinate, and triamcinolone acetonide or hexacetonide. Br J Rheumatol 1994; 33(5): 461-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/33.5.461] [PMID: 8173851]
[33]
Marti P, Molinari L, Bolt IB, Seger R, Saurenmann RK. Factors influencing the efficacy of intra-articular steroid injections in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Eur J Pediatr 2008; 167(4): 425-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-007-0525-9] [PMID: 17562077]
[34]
Beukelman T, Ringold S, Davis TE, et al. CARRA Registry Investigators. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A cross-sectional analysis of the CARRA registry. J Rheumatol 2012; 39(9): 1867-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.120110] [PMID: 22859354]
[35]
Goldzweig O, Carrasco R, Hashkes PJ. Systemic adverse events following intraarticular corticosteroid injections for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Two patients with dermatologic adverse events and review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2013; 43(1): 71-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2012.12.006] [PMID: 23332901]
[36]
Ilowite NT, Laxer RM. Pharmacology and Drug Therapy.Petty RE; Laxer RM; Textbook of Pediatric Rheumatology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier 2011; pp. 71-126.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4160-6581-4.10006-8]
[37]
Prieur AM. The place of corticosteroid therapy in juvenile chronic arthritis in 1992. J Rheumatol Suppl 1993; 37: 32-4.
[PMID: 8501749]
[38]
Wallace CA, Giannini EH, Spalding SJ, et al. Childhood arthritis and rheumatology research alliance. Trial of early aggressive therapy in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2012; 64(6): 2012-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.34343] [PMID: 22183975]
[39]
Giannini EH, Brewer EJ, Kuzmina N, et al. The pediatric rheumatology collaborative study group and the cooperative children’s Study Group. Methotrexate in resistant juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Results of the U.S.A.-U.S.S.R. double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. N Engl J Med 1992; 326(16): 1043-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199204163261602] [PMID: 1549149]
[40]
Woo P, Southwood TR, Prieur AM, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of low-dose oral methotrexate in children with extended oligoarticular or systemic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43(8): 1849-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(200008)43:8<1849::AID-ANR22>3.0.CO;2-F] [PMID: 10943876]
[41]
Ruperto N, Murray KJ, Gerloni V, et al. Pediatric rheumatology international trials organization. A randomized trial of parenteral methotrexate comparing an intermediate dose with a higher dose in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis who failed to respond to standard doses of methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 50(7): 2191-201.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.20288] [PMID: 15248217]
[42]
Niehues T, Horneff G, Michels H, Höck MS, Schuchmann L. Working groups pediatric rheumatology Germany (AGKJR); Pediatric rheumatology Austria. Evidence-based use of methotrexate in children with rheumatic diseases: A consensus statement of the Working Groups Pediatric Rheumatology Germany (AGKJR) and Pediatric Rheumatology Austria. Rheumatol Int 2005; 25(3): 169-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00296-004-0537-y] [PMID: 15688190]
[43]
Harel L, Wagner-Weiner L, Poznanski AK, Spencer CH, Ekwo E, Magilavy DB. Effects of methotrexate on radiologic progression in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1993; 36(10): 1370-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.1780361007] [PMID: 8216396]
[44]
Ramanathan A, Srinivasalu H, Colbert RA. Update on juvenile spondyloarthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2013; 39(4): 767-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rdc.2013.06.002] [PMID: 24182854]
[45]
van der Heijde D, Sieper J, Maksymowych WP, et al. Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society. 2010 Update of the international ASAS recommendations for the use of anti-TNF agents in patients with axial spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70(6): 905-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2011.151563] [PMID: 21540200]
[46]
Alsufyani K, Ortiz-Alvarez O, Cabral DA, Tucker LB, Petty RE, Malleson PN. The role of subcutaneous administration of methotrexate in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis who have failed oral methotrexate. J Rheumatol 2004; 31(1): 179-82.
[PMID: 14705239]
[47]
Tuková J, Chládek J, Nemcová D, Chládková J, Dolezalová P. Methotrexate bioavailability after oral and subcutaneous dministration in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2009; 27(6): 1047-53.
[PMID: 20149329]
[48]
Fráňová J, Fingerhutová Š, Kobrová K, et al. Methotrexate efficacy, but not its intolerance, is associated with the dose and route of administration. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2016; 14(1): 36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12969-016-0099-z] [PMID: 27301536]
[49]
Klein A, Kaul I, Foeldvari I, Ganser G, Urban A, Horneff G. Efficacy and safety of oral and parenteral methotrexate therapy in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: An observational study with patients from the German Methotrexate Registry. Arthritis Care Res 2012; 64(9): 1349-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.21697] [PMID: 22649024]
[50]
Becker ML, Rosé CD, Cron RQ, Sherry DD, Bilker WB, Lautenbach E. Effectiveness and toxicity of methotrexate in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Comparison of 2 initial dosing regimens. J Rheumatol 2010; 37(4): 870-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.090826] [PMID: 20194449]
[51]
Ortiz-Alvarez O, Morishita K, Avery G, et al. Guidelines for blood test monitoring of methotrexate toxicity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol 2004; 31(12): 2501-6.
[PMID: 15570658]
[52]
Shea B, Swinden MV, Ghogomu ET, et al. Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2014; 41(6): 1049-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.130738] [PMID: 24737913]
[53]
Prey S, Paul C. Effect of folic or folinic acid supplementation on methotrexate-associated safety and efficacy in inflammatory disease: A systematic review. Br J Dermatol 2009; 160(3): 622-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08876.x] [PMID: 18945303]
[54]
Hunt PG, Rose CD, McIlvain-Simpson G, Tejani S. The effects of daily intake of folic acid on the efficacy of methotrexate therapy in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A controlled study. J Rheumatol 1997; 24(11): 2230-2.
[PMID: 9375889]
[55]
Silverman E, Mouy R, Spiegel L, et al. Leflunomide in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) investigator group. Leflunomide or methotrexate for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 2005; 352(16): 1655-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa041810] [PMID: 15843668]
[56]
Ayaz NA, Karadağ ŞG, Çakmak F, Çakan M, Tanatar A, Sönmez HE. Leflunomide treatment in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2019; 39(9): 1615-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00296-019-04385-7] [PMID: 31327053]
[57]
Chickermane PR, Khubchandani RP. Evaluation of the benefits of sequential addition of leflunomide in patients with polyarticular course juvenile idiopathic arthritis failing standard dose methotrexate. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015; 33(2): 287-92.
[PMID: 25738527]
[58]
Saag KG, Teng GG, Patkar NM, et al. American College of Rheumatology. American College of Rheumatology 2008 recommendations for the use of nonbiologic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 59(6): 762-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.23721] [PMID: 18512708]
[59]
Burgos-Vargas R, Vázquez-Mellado J, Pacheco-Tena C, Hernández-Garduño A, Goycochea-Robles MVA. A 26 week randomised, double blind, placebo controlled exploratory study of sulfasalazine in juvenile onset spondyloarthropathies. Ann Rheum Dis 2002; 61(10): 941-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.61.10.941] [PMID: 12228171]
[60]
van Rossum MA, Fiselier TJ, Franssen MJ, et al. Dutch juvenile chronic arthritis study group. Sulfasalazine in the treatment of juvenile chronic arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41(5): 808-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(199805)41:5<808::AID-ART6>3.0.CO;2-T] [PMID: 9588731]
[61]
van Rossum MA, van Soesbergen RM, Boers M, et al. Dutch juvenile idiopathic arthritis study group. Long-term outcome of juvenile idiopathic arthritis following a placebo-controlled trial: sustained benefits of early sulfasalazine treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 66(11): 1518-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2006.064717] [PMID: 17491099]
[62]
Tynjälä P, Vähäsalo P, Tarkiainen M, et al. Aggressive combination drug therapy in very early polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (ACUTE-JIA): A multicentre randomised open-label clinical trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70(9): 1605-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2010.143347] [PMID: 21623000]
[63]
Henter JI, Horne A, Aricó M, et al. HLH-2004: Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007; 48(2): 124-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pbc.21039] [PMID: 16937360]
[64]
Ravelli A, Moretti C, Temporini F, et al. Combination therapy with methotrexate and cyclosporine A in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2002; 20(4): 569-72.
[PMID: 12175118]
[65]
Ruperto N, Ravelli A, Castell E, et al. Pediatric rheumatology collaborative study group (PRCSG); Paediatric rheumatology international trials organisation (PRINTO). Cyclosporine A in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Results of the PRCSG/PRINTO phase IV post marketing surveillance study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2006; 24(5): 599-605.
[PMID: 17181934]
[66]
Lovell DJ. Update on treatment of arthritis in children: New treatments, new goals. Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis 2006; 64(1-2): 72-6.
[PMID: 17121494]
[67]
Singh JA, Furst DE, Bharat A, et al. 2012 update of the 2008 American College of Rheumatology recommendations for the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologic agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 2012; 64(5): 625-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.21641] [PMID: 22473917]
[68]
Vassilopoulos D, Calabrese LH. Management of rheumatic disease with comorbid HBV or HCV infection. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2012; 8(6): 348-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2012.63] [PMID: 22565315]
[69]
Nard FD, Todoerti M, Grosso V, et al. Risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation in rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing biologic treatment: Extending perspective from old to newer drugs. World J Hepatol 2015; 7(3): 344-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.344] [PMID: 25848463]
[70]
Kaltsonoudis E, Voulgari PV, Konitsiotis S, Drosos AA. Demyelination and other neurological adverse events after anti-TNF therapy. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13(1): 54-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2013.09.002] [PMID: 24035809]
[71]
Kaltsonoudis E, Zikou AK, Voulgari PV, Konitsiotis S, Argyropoulou MI, Drosos AA. Neurological adverse events in patients receiving anti-TNF therapy: A prospective imaging and electrophysiological study. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16(3): R125.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ar4582] [PMID: 24938855]
[72]
Beukelman T, Haynes K, Curtis JR, et al. Safety assessment of biological therapeutics collaboration. Rates of malignancy associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and its treatment. Arthritis Rheum 2012; 64(4): 1263-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.34348] [PMID: 22328538]
[73]
Simard JF, Neovius M, Hagelberg S, Askling J. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and risk of cancer: A nationwide cohort study. Arthritis Rheum 2010; 62(12): 3776-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.27741] [PMID: 20827782]
[74]
Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Bijlsma JW, et al. T2T Expert Committee. Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: Recommendations of an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69(4): 631-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2009.123919] [PMID: 20215140]
[75]
Beukelman T, Xie F, Chen L, et al. Risk of malignancy associated with paediatric use of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77(7): 1012-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212613] [PMID: 29440001]
[76]
Lovell DJ, Giannini EH, Reiff A, et al. Pediatric rheumatology collaborative study group. Etanercept in children with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 2000; 342(11): 763-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200003163421103] [PMID: 10717011]
[77]
Giannini EH, Ilowite NT, Lovell DJ, et al. Effects of long-term etanercept treatment on growth in children with selected categories of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2010; 62(11): 3259-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.27682] [PMID: 20669280]
[78]
Horneff G, Schmeling H, Biedermann T, et al. Paediatric rheumatology collaborative group. The German etanercept registry for treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63(12): 1638-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2003.014886] [PMID: 15115709]
[79]
Southwood TR, Foster HE, Davidson JE, et al. British society for adolescent and paediatric rheumatology biologics and new drugs register. Duration of etanercept treatment and reasons for discontinuation in a cohort of juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients. Rheumatology 2011; 50(1): 189-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keq308] [PMID: 21047801]
[80]
Horneff G, Burgos-Vargas R, Constantin T, et al. Paediatric rheumatology international trials organisation (PRINTO). Efficacy and safety of open-label etanercept on extended oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, enthesitis-related arthritis and psoriatic arthritis: Part 1 (week 12) of the CLIPPER study. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 73(6): 1114-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-203046] [PMID: 23696632]
[81]
Horneff G, Foeldvari I, Minden K, et al. Efficacy and safety of etanercept in patients with the enthesitis-related arthritis category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Results from a phase III randomized, double-blind study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67(8): 2240-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.39145] [PMID: 25891010]
[82]
Ruperto N, Lovell DJ, Cuttica R, et al. Paediatric rheumatology international trials organisation; Pediatric rheumatology collaborative study group. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of infliximab plus methotrexate for the treatment of polyarticular-course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 56(9): 3096-106.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.22838] [PMID: 17763439]
[83]
Ruperto N, Lovell DJ, Cuttica R, et al. Paediatric rheumatology international trials organization (PRINTO); Pediatric rheumatology collaborative study group (PRCSG). Long-term efficacy and safety of infliximab plus methotrexate for the treatment of polyarticular-course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: findings from an open-label treatment extension. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69(4): 718-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2009.100354] [PMID: 20237125]
[84]
Miraldi Utz V, Bulas S, Lopper S, et al. Effectiveness of long-term infliximab use and impact of treatment adherence on disease control in refractory, non-infectious pediatric uveitis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2019; 17(1): 79.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12969-019-0383-9] [PMID: 31783768]
[85]
Cecchin V, Zannin ME, Ferrari D, et al. Longterm safety and efficacy of Adalimumab and Infliximab for Uveitis Associated with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2018; 45(8): 1167-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.171006] [PMID: 29657140]
[86]
Hawkins MJ, Dick AD, Lee RJ, et al. Managing juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Surv Ophthalmol 2016; 61(2): 197-210.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.10.005] [PMID: 26599495]
[87]
Lovell DJ, Ruperto N, Goodman S, et al. Pediatric rheumatology collaborative study group; Pediatric rheumatology international trials organisation. Adalimumab with or without methotrexate in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 2008; 359(8): 810-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0706290] [PMID: 18716298]
[88]
Schmeling H, Minden K, Foeldvari I, Ganser G, Hospach T, Horneff G. Efficacy and safety of adalimumab as the first and second biologic agent in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: The German Biologics JIA Registry. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66(9): 2580-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.38741] [PMID: 24942886]
[89]
Horneff G. Education and training in pediatric and adolescent rheumatology - survey results : Gerd Horneff on behalf of the Committee for Undergraduate Training of the German Society for Rheumatology (DGRh). Z Rheumatol 2011; 70(6): 530-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00393-011-0819-1] [PMID: 21698475]
[90]
Burmester GR, Panaccione R, Gordon KB, McIlraith MJ, Lacerda AP. Adalimumab: Long-term safety in 23 458 patients from global clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis and Crohn’s disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72(4): 517-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201244] [PMID: 22562972]
[91]
Otten MH, Prince FH, Anink J, et al. Effectiveness and safety of a second and third biological agent after failing etanercept in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Results from the Dutch National ABC Register. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72(5): 721-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201060] [PMID: 22730374]
[92]
Otten MH, Anink J, Prince FH, et al. Trends in prescription of biological agents and outcomes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results of the Dutch national Arthritis and Biologics in Children Register. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74(7): 1379-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204641] [PMID: 24641940]
[93]
Burgos-Vargas R, Tse SM, Horneff G, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study of Adalimumab in pediatric patients with enthesitis-related arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 2015; 67(11): 1503-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.22657] [PMID: 26223543]
[94]
LaMattina KC, Goldstein DA. Adalimumab for the treatment of uveitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2017; 13(3): 181-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1744666X.2017.1288097] [PMID: 28140700]
[95]
Ramanan AV, Dick AD, Jones AP, et al. SYCAMORE Study Group. Adalimumab plus Methotrexate for Uveitis in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. N Engl J Med 2017; 376(17): 1637-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1614160] [PMID: 28445659]
[96]
Curtis JR, Mariette X, Gaujoux-Viala C, et al. Long-term safety of certolizumab pegol in rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis and Crohn’s disease: A pooled analysis of 11 317 patients across clinical trials. RMD Open 2019; 5(1): e000942.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2019-000942] [PMID: 31245056]
[97]
Smolen JS, Burmester GR, Combe B, et al. Head-to-head comparison of certolizumab pegol versus adalimumab in rheumatoid arthritis: 2-year efficacy and safety results from the randomised EXXELERATE study. Lancet 2016; 388(10061): 2763-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31651-8] [PMID: 27863807]
[98]
van der Heijde D, Dougados M, Landewé R, et al. Sustained efficacy, safety and patient reported outcomes of certolizumab pegol in axial spondyloarthritis: 4-year outcomes from RAPID-axSpA. Rheumatology 2017; 56(9): 1498-509.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kex174] [PMID: 28498975]
[99]
Gottlieb AB, Blauvelt A, Thaçi D, et al. Certolizumab pegol for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis: Results through 48 weeks from 2 phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled studies (CIMPASI-1 and CIMPASI-2). J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 79(2): 302-314.e6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2018.04.012] [PMID: 29660421]
[100]
Brunner HI, Ruperto N, Tzaribachev N, et al. Paediatric rheumatology international trials organisation (PRINTO) and the pediatric rheumatology collaborative study group (PRCSG). Subcutaneous golimumab for children with active polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results of a multicentre, double-blind, randomised-withdrawal trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77(1): 21-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210456] [PMID: 28507219]
[101]
Hervey PS, Keam SJ. Abatacept. BioDrugs 2006; 20(1): 53-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00063030-200620010-00004] [PMID: 16573350]
[102]
Genovese MC, Schiff M, Luggen M, et al. Efficacy and safety of the selective co-stimulation modulator abatacept following 2 years of treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 67(4): 547-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2007.074773] [PMID: 17921185]
[103]
Westhovens R, Kremer JM, Moreland LW, et al. Safety and efficacy of the selective costimulation modulator abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving background methotrexate: A 5-year extended phase IIB study. J Rheumatol 2009; 36(4): 736-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.080813] [PMID: 19273451]
[104]
Ruperto N, Lovell DJ, Quartier P, et al. Paediatric rheumatology international trials organization; Pediatric rheumatology collaborative study group. Abatacept in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled withdrawal trial. Lancet 2008; 372(9636): 383-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60998-8] [PMID: 18632147]
[105]
Ruperto N, Lovell DJ, Quartier P, et al. Paediatric rheumatology international trials organization and the pediatric rheumatology collaborative study group. Long-term safety and efficacy of abatacept in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2010; 62(6): 1792-802.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.27431] [PMID: 20191582]
[106]
Zulian F, Balzarin M, Falcini F, et al. Abatacept for severe anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis-related uveitis. Arthritis Care Res 2010; 62(6): 821-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.20115] [PMID: 20191477]
[107]
Hara R, Umebayashi H, Takei S, et al. Intravenous abatacept in Japanese patients with polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Results from a phase III open-label study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2019; 17(1): 17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12969-019-0319-4] [PMID: 31039807]
[108]
Lovell DJ, Ruperto N, Mouy R, et al. Pediatric rheumatology collaborative study group and the paediatric rheumatology international trials organisation. Long-term safety, efficacy, and quality of life in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with intravenous abatacept for up to seven years. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67(10): 2759-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.39234] [PMID: 26097215]
[109]
Brunner HI, Tzaribachev N, Vega-Cornejo G, et al. Paediatric rheumatology international trials organisation (PRINTO) and the pediatric rheumatology collaborative study group (PRCSG). Subcutaneous Abatacept in Patients With Polyarticular-Course Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Results From a Phase III Open-Label Study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70(7): 1144-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.40466] [PMID: 29481737]
[110]
Pascual V, Allantaz F, Arce E, Punaro M, Banchereau J. Role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the pathogenesis of systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis and clinical response to IL-1 blockade. J Exp Med 2005; 201(9): 1479-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20050473] [PMID: 15851489]
[111]
Gattorno M, Piccini A, Lasigliè D, et al. The pattern of response to anti-interleukin-1 treatment distinguishes two subsets of patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 58(5): 1505-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.23437] [PMID: 18438814]
[112]
Pardeo M, Pires Marafon D, Insalaco A, et al. Anakinra in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A single-center experience. J Rheumatol 2015; 48(8): 1523-7.
[113]
Nigrovic PA, Mannion M, Prince FH, et al. Anakinra as first-line disease-modifying therapy in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: report of forty-six patients from an international multicenter series. Arthritis Rheum 2011; 63(2): 545-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.30128] [PMID: 21280009]
[114]
Quartier P, Allantaz F, Cimaz R, et al. A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in patients with systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70(5): 747-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2010.134254] [PMID: 21173013]
[115]
Ruperto N, Quartier P, Wulffraat N, et al. Paediatric rheumatology international clinical trials organisation. A phase II, multicenter, open-label study evaluating dosing and preliminary safety and efficacy of canakinumab in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis with active systemic features. Arthritis Rheum 2012; 64(2): 557-67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.33342] [PMID: 21953497]
[116]
Ruperto N, Brunner HI, Quartier P, et al. PRINTO; PRCSG. Two randomized trials of canakinumab in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. N Engl J Med 2012; 367(25): 2396-406.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1205099] [PMID: 23252526]
[117]
Ruperto N, Brunner HI, Quartier P, et al. Paediatric rheumatology international trials organisation (PRINTO) and the pediatric rheumatology collaborative study group (PRCSG). Canakinumab in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and active systemic features: results from the 5 year long term extension of the phase III pivotal trials. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77(12): 1710-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213150] [PMID: 30269054]
[118]
DeWitt EM, Kimura Y, Beukelman T, et al. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis disease specific research committee of childhood arthritis rheumatology and research alliance. Consensus treatment plans for new-onset systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 2012; 64(7): 1001-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.21625] [PMID: 22290637]
[119]
De Benedetti F, Brunner HI, Ruperto N, et al. PRINTO; PRCSG. Randomized trial of tocilizumab in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. N Engl J Med 2012; 367(25): 2385-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1112802] [PMID: 23252525]
[120]
Brunner HI, Ruperto N, Zuber Z, et al. Paediatric rheumatology international trials organisation PRINTO; Pediatric rheumatology collaborative study group (PRCSG). Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in patients with polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results from a phase 3, randomised, double-blind withdrawal trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74(6): 1110-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205351] [PMID: 24834925]
[121]
Schiff MH, Kremer JM, Jahreis A, Vernon E, Isaacs JD, van Vollenhoven RF. Integrated safety in tocilizumab clinical trials. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13(5): R141.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ar3455] [PMID: 21884601]
[122]
Cohen SB, Emery P, Greenwald MW, et al. REFLEX trial group. Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: Results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial evaluating primary efficacy and safety at twenty four weeks. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54(9): 2793-806.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.22025] [PMID: 16947627]
[123]
Kearsley-Fleet L, Sampath S, McCann LJ, et al. Use and effectiveness of rituximab in children and young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a cohort study in the United Kingdom. Rheumatology 2019; 58(2): 331-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/key306] [PMID: 30358861]
[124]
Alexeeva EI, Valieva SI, Bzarova TM, et al. Efficacy and safety of repeat courses of rituximab treatment in patients with severe refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2011; 30(9): 1163-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-011-1720-7] [PMID: 21384257]
[125]
Kuek A, Hazleman BL, Gaston JH, Ostör AJ. Successful treatment of refractory polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis with rituximab. Rheumatology 2006; 45(11): 1448-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kel301] [PMID: 16920752]
[126]
Kasher-Meron M, Uziel Y, Amital H. Successful treatment with B-cell depleting therapy for refractory systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A case report. Rheumatology 2009; 48(4): 445-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/ken492] [PMID: 19164423]
[127]
Fleischmann R, Kremer J, Cush J, et al. ORAL solo investigators. Placebo controlled trial of tofacitinib monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 2012; 367(6): 495-507.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1109071] [PMID: 22873530]
[128]
Strand V, van der Heijde D, Tanaka Y, et al. Tofacitinib in combination with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Patient-reported outcomes from the 24-month Phase 3 ORAL Scan study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2020; 38(5): 848-57.
[129]
Ruperto N, Brunner HI, Zuber Z, et al. Pediatric rheumatology international trials organization (PRINTO); Pediatric rheumatology collaborative study group (PRCSG). Pharmacokinetic and safety profile of tofacitinib in children with polyarticular course juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results of a phase 1, open-label, multicenter study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2017; 15(1): 86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12969-017-0212-y] [PMID: 29282090]
[130]
Uhler ML, Hsu JW, Fisher SG, Zinaman MJ. The effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on ovulation: A prospective, randomized clinical trial. Fertil Steril 2001; 76(5): 957-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(01)02829-1] [PMID: 11704117]
[131]
Mendonça LL, Khamashta MA, Nelson-Piercy C, Hunt BJ, Hughes GR. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as a possible cause for reversible infertility. Rheumatology 2000; 39(8): 880-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/39.8.880] [PMID: 10952743]
[132]
Delaere KP, Strijbos WE, Meuleman EJ. Sulphasalazine induced reversible male infertility. Acta Urol Belg 1989; 57(1): 29-33.
[PMID: 2566274]
[133]
Alonso V, Linares V, Bellés M, et al. Sulfasalazine induced oxidative stress: A possible mechanism of male infertility. Reprod Toxicol 2009; 27(1): 35-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.10.007] [PMID: 19028562]
[134]
Silva CA, Bonfa E, Østensen M, Østensen M. Maintenance of fertility in patients with rheumatic diseases needing antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. Arthritis Care Res 2010; 62(12): 1682-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.20323] [PMID: 20799266]
[135]
Drechsel P, Stüdemann K, Niewerth M, et al. Pregnancy outcomes in DMARD-exposed patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis-results from a JIA biologic registry. Rheumatology 2020; 59(3): 603-12.
[PMID: 31412128]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
67
1
World Hemophilia Day
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy