Generic placeholder image

Current Chinese Computer Science

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2665-9972
ISSN (Online): 2665-9964

Research Article

An XVA Approach to Counterparty Risk Appraisal

Author(s): Junhao Zhu, Dejun Xie, Gang Liu and Fei Ma*

Volume 1, Issue 1, 2021

Published on: 09 September, 2020

Page: [35 - 41] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/2665997201999200909124001

Abstract

Background: More bona fide adjustments aimed at appraising counterparty risks and financial expenses related to over-the-counter derivative have become indispensable after the European sovereign debt catastrophe and the 2007/08’s worldwide fiscal crisis. The most notable measures include DVA, CVA, and FVA.

Methods: This paper advocates the application of the XVA scheme to assess CVA, DVA, and FVA for managing risk and pricing of financial or OTC derivatives.

Results and Discussion: A foundation formula is formulated and tested against different risk scenarios of CVA, DVA, FVA, and KVA using cross-referenced data. Practical pieces of advice are provided for the real industry application of XVA.

Conclusion: Compared to traditional risk management in the financial market where funding risk, credit risk, and default risk are accounted separately, the approach proposed by the current study monitors the multiple types of risk in a comprehensive framework and is more practically effective from a financial operation point of view.

Keywords: Counterparty risk, CVA, DVA, FVA, KVA, XVA, OTC.

Graphical Abstract
[1]
S. Ghamami, and P. Glasserman, "Does OTC derivatives reform incentivize central clearing?", J. Financ. Intermed., vol. 32, pp. 76-87, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2017.05.007]
[2]
C. Albanese, S. Caenazzo, and S. Crépey, "Credit, funding, margin, and capital valuation adjustments for bilateral portfolios", Probability, Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 7, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2745909]
[3]
C. Albanese, S. Caenazzo, and S. Crépey, "Credit, funding, margin, and capital valuation adjustments for bilateral portfolios. Probability", Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 7, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41546-017-0019-2]
[4]
C. Albanese, C. Marc, and C. Stéphane, Wealth transfers, indifference pricing, and XVA compression schemes. In from Probability to Finance-Lecture Note of BICMR Summer School on Financial Mathematics. Mathematical Lectures from Peking University Series., Springer: Berlin, 2018.
[5]
J. Witzany, Credit Risk Management. Credit Risk Management., Springer: Cham, 2017, pp. 5-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49800-3_2]
[6]
R. Surujnath, "Off the chain: A guide to blockchain derivatives markets and the implications on systemic risk", Fordham J. Corp. & Fin. L., vol. 22, p. 257, 2017.
[7]
L. Moran, and S. Wilkens, "Capturing initial margin in counterparty risk calculations", J. Risk Management Financial Institutions, vol. 10, pp. 118-129, 2017.
[8]
E. Al-Gamal, and A. Siddiq, "significance of credit risk management in banking industry in yemen: a study", Significance, vol. 5, no. 3, 2019.
[9]
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Basel III: A global regulatory framework for more resilient banks and banking systems.http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs189.pdf
[10]
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Review of the Credit Valuation Adjustment Risk Framework., Consultative Document. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision: Basel, 2015.
[11]
N. Beier, "Getting to grips with counterparty risk", McKinsey Working Papers on Risks, 2010.https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/dotcom/client_service/Risk/Working%20papers/20_Getting_Grips_Counterparty_Risk.ashx
[12]
S. Crépey, XVA: About CVA, DVA, FVA and other market adjustments preprint of opinion and debates num, 5, June 2014.
[13]
S. Crépey, A. Macrina, T.M. Nguyen, and D. Skovmand, "Rational multi-curve models with counterparty-risk valuation adjustments", Quant. Finance, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 847-866, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14697688.2015.1095348]
[14]
A. Green, XVA: Credit, F5ding and Capital Valuation Adjustments., John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119161233]
[15]
J. Gregory, The xVA Challenge: Counterparty Credit Risk, Funding, Collateral and Capital., Wiley: Hoboken, 2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119109440]
[16]
J. Gregory, The xVA Challenge: counterparty credit risk, funding, collateral and capital., John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119109440]
[17]
Y. Gündüz, "Mitigating counterparty risk", Available at SSRN 2654591, 2018.
[18]
V. Henderson, and G. Liang, "A multidimensional exponential utility indifference pricing model with applications to counterparty risk", SIAM J. Contr. Optim., vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 690-717, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/15M1040293]
[19]
A. Kondratyev, and G. Giorgidze, Evolutionary algos for optimising MVA., Risk Magazine, 2017.https://www.risk.net/cutting-edge/banking/5374321/evolutionary-algos-for-optimising-mva
[20]
P. Leone, M. Proietti, P. Porretta, and G.A. Vento, OTC derivatives and counterparty credit risk mitigation: The OIS discounting framework, Liquidity Risk, Efficiency and New Bank Business Models., Palgrave Macmillan: Cham, pp. 57-91, 2016.
[21]
C. Li, and L. Wu, "FVA and CVA for collateralized trades with Rehypothecation",
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wilm.10510]
[22]
B.J. Nauta, and C. Pw, "internal valuation of assets with liquidity risk", J. Deriv., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 70-83, 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jod.2017.24.3.070]
[23]
C. Oldani, Governing global derivatives: challenges and risks., Routledge, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315253923]
[24]
PwC, XVA Explained., 2015.https://www.pwc.com.au/pdf/xva-explained.pdf
[25]
A. White, Pricing Credit Default Swap Subject to Counterparty Risk and Collateralization, Mar, 2018.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3144553]
[26]
D. Brigo, A. Pallavicini, and V. Papatheodorou, "Arbitrage-free valuation of bilateral counterparty risk for interest-rate products: Impact of volatilities and correlations", Int. J. Theor. Appl. Finance, vol. 14, no. 06, pp. 773-802, 2011.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0219024911006759]

© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy