Abstract
Background: Natural Phytoestrogens present in plants are effective hormonal replacement therapy. They are converted to estrogenic substances in the gastrointestinal tract, which is considered as the natural alternative to estrogen substitute treatment for postmenopausal women.
Aims and Objective: Salvia officinalis, a herb traditionally used to ameliorate postmenopausal complications, can provide a safe alternative to synthetic pharmaceuticals for the treatment of menopause. Therefore, it is conceivable to detect the possible estrogenic effect of Salvia Officinalis extract as an estrogen replacement therapy in female mice.
Methods: Phytochemical, pharmacological, and immune histopathological techniques are adopted in this study. HPLC is used for the identification of extracted constituents of sage herb. The uterotrophic activity of the extract was determined in immature female mice. Moreover, the mean thickness and luminal epithelium and the photomicrographs of the luminal epithelium of the uterus were also studied.
Results: HPLC revealed that quercetin is the major extracted constituent (28.6%) of the total components. Saliva officinalis extract produced a significant increase in the uterine dry weight of equal potency to estrogen. The uterus exhibited a significant increase in luminal epithelial cell height (43.3 ± 6.1μm and 36.5 ± 2.5μm) for estradiol and sage extract, respectively, compared with the control group (18.2 ± 3.5μm). Furthermore, the endometrium showed the lining epithelium formed of a single layer of columnar epithelium. The stroma seemed more voluminous with dilated vasculature. Conversely, the myometrium within the uterus was not affected in any of the experimental groups.
Conclusion: The sage herbs induced proliferative changes in the uteri of treated mice, which suggest possible estrogenic properties. Saliva officinalis extract can be used as a hormonal replacement for women during menopause and could be further explored for contraceptive use.
Keywords: Natural phytoestrogens, menopause, natural estrogen, saliva officinalis, phenolic content, uterotrophic activity, female mice.
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening
Title:Estrogenic Effect of Salvia officinalis Extract on Reproductive Function of Female Mice and Identification of Its Phenolic Content
Volume: 24 Issue: 10
Author(s): Sabah H. Elgayed, Elham A. Afify, Hanan A. Amin and Ahmed A. H. Abdellatif*
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452,Saudi Arabia
Keywords: Natural phytoestrogens, menopause, natural estrogen, saliva officinalis, phenolic content, uterotrophic activity, female mice.
Abstract:
Background: Natural Phytoestrogens present in plants are effective hormonal replacement therapy. They are converted to estrogenic substances in the gastrointestinal tract, which is considered as the natural alternative to estrogen substitute treatment for postmenopausal women.
Aims and Objective: Salvia officinalis, a herb traditionally used to ameliorate postmenopausal complications, can provide a safe alternative to synthetic pharmaceuticals for the treatment of menopause. Therefore, it is conceivable to detect the possible estrogenic effect of Salvia Officinalis extract as an estrogen replacement therapy in female mice.
Methods: Phytochemical, pharmacological, and immune histopathological techniques are adopted in this study. HPLC is used for the identification of extracted constituents of sage herb. The uterotrophic activity of the extract was determined in immature female mice. Moreover, the mean thickness and luminal epithelium and the photomicrographs of the luminal epithelium of the uterus were also studied.
Results: HPLC revealed that quercetin is the major extracted constituent (28.6%) of the total components. Saliva officinalis extract produced a significant increase in the uterine dry weight of equal potency to estrogen. The uterus exhibited a significant increase in luminal epithelial cell height (43.3 ± 6.1μm and 36.5 ± 2.5μm) for estradiol and sage extract, respectively, compared with the control group (18.2 ± 3.5μm). Furthermore, the endometrium showed the lining epithelium formed of a single layer of columnar epithelium. The stroma seemed more voluminous with dilated vasculature. Conversely, the myometrium within the uterus was not affected in any of the experimental groups.
Conclusion: The sage herbs induced proliferative changes in the uteri of treated mice, which suggest possible estrogenic properties. Saliva officinalis extract can be used as a hormonal replacement for women during menopause and could be further explored for contraceptive use.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Elgayed H. Sabah , Afify A. Elham , Amin A. Hanan and Abdellatif A. H. Ahmed *, Estrogenic Effect of Salvia officinalis Extract on Reproductive Function of Female Mice and Identification of Its Phenolic Content, Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 2021; 24 (10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207323666200811095527
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207323666200811095527 |
Print ISSN 1386-2073 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5402 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Artificial Intelligence Methods for Biomedical, Biochemical and Bioinformatics Problems
Recently, a large number of technologies based on artificial intelligence have been developed and applied to solve a diverse range of problems in the areas of biomedical, biochemical and bioinformatics problems. By utilizing powerful computing resources and massive amounts of data, methods based on artificial intelligence can significantly improve the ...read more
Eco-friendly Agents for Biological Control of Pathogenic Diseases
The discovery of an alternative biological approach to disease management includes work on medicinal products derived from natural sources as a starting point for the development of eco-friendly agents for these diseases and the injuries they cause, as well as reducing human contact with hazardous chemicals and their residues. We ...read more
Emerging trends in diseases mechanisms, noble drug targets and therapeutic strategies: focus on immunological and inflammatory disorders
Recently infectious and inflammatory diseases have been a key concern worldwide due to tremendous morbidity and mortality world Wide. Recent, nCOVID-9 pandemic is a good example for the emerging infectious disease outbreak. The world is facing many emerging and re-emerging diseases out breaks at present however, there is huge lack ...read more
Exploring Spectral Graph Theory in Combinatorial Chemistry
Scope of the Thematic Issue: Combinatorial chemistry involves the synthesis and analysis of a large number of diverse compounds simultaneously. Traditional methods rely on brute force experimentation, which can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. Spectral Graph Theory, a branch of mathematics dealing with the properties of graphs in relation to the ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Targeted Therapy of Ovarian Cancer with Angiogenesis Inhibitors
Current Drug Targets Novel Conjugated Unsaturated Ketones with Submicromolar Potencies Towards some Leukemic and Colon Cancer Cells
Medicinal Chemistry Synergistic Effect of Novel EGFR Inhibitor AZD8931 and p38α siRNA in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cancer Cells
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Design of Iodine-Lithium-α-Dextrin Liquid Crystal with Potent Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties
Current Pharmaceutical Design An Overview of Nano Delivery Systems for Targeting RNA Interference-based Therapy in Ulcerative Colitis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Invasive Aspergillosis in Children and Adolescents
Current Pharmaceutical Design Probiotics and the Intestinal Microflora: What Impact on the Immune System, Infections and Aging?
Current Nutrition & Food Science Non-Analgesic Effects of Opioids: Opioid-induced Nausea and Vomiting: Mechanisms and Strategies for their Limitation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Protective Effect of NSAIDs on Cancer and Influence of COX-2 C G Genotype
Current Cancer Drug Targets The Indolylcoumarin COUFIN Exhibits Potent Activity Against Renal Carcinoma Cells without Affecting Hematopoietic System
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Detecting Personalized Determinants During Drug Treatment from Omics Big Data
Current Pharmaceutical Design High-density Lipoprotein, Vascular Risk, Cancer and Infection: A Case of Quantity and Quality?
Current Medicinal Chemistry New and Under Explored Epigenetic Modulators in Search of New Paradigms
Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Apogossypolone Derivative
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Targeted Therapy for Advanced Prostate Cancer: Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway
Current Cancer Drug Targets Inflammatory Caspases: Targets for Novel Therapies
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as Anticancer Agents-A Review
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Repair and Disease Modification
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Therapy-Related Changes in the Serum Proteome Patterns of Early Stage Breast Cancer Patients with Different Outcomes
Protein & Peptide Letters Focal Adhesion Kinase: From In Vitro Studies to Functional Analyses In Vivo
Current Protein & Peptide Science