Title:Synthesis of Spiro1,4–Dihydropyridines: A Review
VOLUME: 17 ISSUE: 5
Author(s):Zahra Sadri and Farahnaz K. Behbahani*
Affiliation:Department of Chemistry, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Department of Chemistry, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj
Keywords:Spiro1, 4-dihydropyridines, heterocyclic, synthesis, multi-component, one-pot, bronested acids.
Abstract:The preparation of medicinally promising spiro1,4–dihydropyridines accompanied by their
applications in biological and pharmaceutical activities is presented. Spiro1,4–dihydropyridines were
synthesized using numerous reported methods including bronested acids such as p-TSA, AcOH, nano-ranged
calix[4]arene tetracarboxylic acid, sulfamic acid, PEG-OSO3H, tetramethylguanidinium triflate; lewis acids
including Zn(OTf)2, FeCl3, copper, alum, aluminosilicate nanoparticles, MnFe2O4 nanoparticles, manganese
ferrite nanoparticles, BF3OEt2; under alkaline conditions such as Et3N and piperidine; ionic liquids such as
[KAl(SO4)2·12H2O] and [Bmim]PF6, [MIM(CH2)4SO3H][HSO4]; and other miscellaneous procedures, for
example, microwave-assisted catalyst and solvent-free conditions, using iodine, PEG-400, and NaCl.
