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Current Rheumatology Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-3971
ISSN (Online): 1875-6360

Research Article

Characterization of the Clinical and Laboratory Features of Primary and Secondary Antiphospholipid Syndrome in a Cohort of Egyptian Patients

Author(s): Geilan Abd el-Moniem, Kamal El-Garf, Nesreen Sobhy and Sally Elmaghraby*

Volume 16, Issue 4, 2020

Page: [304 - 310] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/1573397116666200116095734

Price: $65

Abstract

Objective: To study the clinical and laboratory features of Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) in a cohort of Egyptian patients and compare between primary and secondary type on the basis of clinical and immunological pattern.

Patients and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 148 antiphospholipid syndrome patients following in Rheumatology and Rehabilitation department, Cairo University. Clinical and immunological data were recorded; subsequently, our patients were compared based on the type of APS, patient’s age and sex.

Results: The cohort consisted of 148 patients, 135 females (91.2%) and 13 males (8.8%). The mean age at onset was 23.6 ±7.66 years. 28.4% of patients had primary while, 71.6% of patients had secondary APS.

Patients with secondary APS presented more frequently with the following manifestations compared to patients with primary APS: systemic manifestations (56.6% versus 4.8%, P-value: 0.00), venous thrombosis (41.5% versus 19%, P-value: 0.009), cutaneous vasculitis (19.8% versus 4.8%, P-value: 0.023), thrombocytopenia (37.7% versus 11.9%, P-value: 0.002) and hemolytic anemia (28.3% versus 4.8%, P-value: 0.002). On the other hand, total obstetric manifestations were more common in primary APS (92.5% versus 75%, P-value: 0.007).

Juvenile onset APS presented more frequently with systemic (68.8%, p-value: 0.02), neurological (62.5%, p-value: 0.01) and renal manifestations (31.3%, p-value: 0.005). No statistically significant difference was found between males and females in our cohort.

Conclusion: APS has broad spectrum manifestations, which may vary according to the patient’s age at disease onset and association with other diseases. Further more, different ethnicities may show different presentations.

Keywords: Antiphospholipid syndrome, Egyptian, primary, secondary, juvenile, autoimmune disease, obstetric morbidity.

Graphical Abstract

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