Title:Identification of Bioactive Coumarin(s) from Three Endophytic Fungal Species of Calophyllum tomentosum
VOLUME: 10 ISSUE: 4
Author(s): Channabasava and Govindappa Melappa*
Affiliation:Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru-560078, Karnataka, Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru-560078, Karnataka
Keywords:Calophyllum tomentosum, endophytes, coumarins, GC-MS, 18S rRNA, Alternaria alternata.
Abstract:
Background: Many biologically important bioactive compounds have been identified in
Calophyllum tomentosum extract. Hence, we aimed to identify different endophytic fungal species
from different parts of the plants and their bioactive compounds.
Objective: The study includes identification and characterization of bioactive compounds in the extracts
of endophytic fungal species of Calophyllum tomentosum.
Methods: Different parts were used to assess the different endophytic fungi. Two different solvents
were used: extracts and qualitative solvents. TLC and GC-MS were employed to identify the bioactive
compounds. The bioactive compounds producing endophytes were identified by using18S
rRNA.
Results: In total, 13 different fungal species were identified from different parts of the Calophyllum
tomentosum. The C. tomentosum leaf part showed seven different fungal endophytes from the barks
(four) and stems (two). The methanol extract of Fusarium species (stem), Cladosporium species
(bark) and hexane extract of Alternaria species (bark) showed a higher amount of coumarins in
qualitative methods and TLC. Based on the above results, for further GC-MS and molecular identification
studies, we selected three endophytes. In the GC-MS analysis, the methanol extract of
Fusarium species (stem) showed psoralen, and furocoumarin (imperatonin or ammidin); Cladosporium
species (bark) showed coumarin (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one), coumaric acid (3-benzofurancarboxylic
acid), hynecromone (coumarin 4), 4-hydroxy-9-(3-methyl-2-butyl)furo(3,2-g)chloronen-7-
one; and hexane extract of Alternaria species (bark) showed coumaric acid (3-benzofurancarboxylic
acid). The three fungal endophytes were identified as Fusarium equiseti, Cladosporium uredinicola
and Alternaria alternata from 18S rRNA analysis.
Conclusion: Based on the above results, the three endophytic fungal species confirm the presence of
coumarins and therefore, can be used for the production of coumarins instead of the plant.