Title:Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP2D6: Prevalence in Healthy Kurds
VOLUME: 17 ISSUE: 1
Author(s):Muslih Abdulkarim Ibrahim*, Zalina Zahari*, Nurfadhlina Musa and Khoo Boon Yin
Affiliation:Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Hawler, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Besut Campus, Terengganu, Human Genome Center, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kelantan, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang
Keywords:CYP2D6, pharmacogenetics, polymorphism, Kurds, debrisoquine-4-hydroxylase, CYP2D6 genotype.
Abstract:
Background: Identifying the genetic polymorphisms of drug metabolizing enzyme
CYP2D6 is useful in pharmacogenomics. Unfortunately, until today, the prevalence
of the CYP2D6 polymorphisms among Kurds is scarce.
Objective: In this study, we explored the CYP2D6 polymorphisms among Kurds.
Methods: Four hundred and fifty-nine unrelated healthy Kurds were recruited for the
study. DNA was extracted from whole blood and was then used for genotyping
CYP2D6*3, *4, *5, *6, *9, *10, *17, *114 and gene duplication using the nested allelespecific
multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Results: The most common alleles and genotypes identified were CYP2D6*1 (75.5%),
gene duplication (10.0%), *4 (8.6%), *10 (3.4%) and CYP2D6*1/*1 (62.5%), *1/*4
(16.3%), *1/*1xN (8.3%) and *1/*10 (6.3%). Thirty-nine (8.5%) subjects had genotypes
that predicted Ultrarapid Metaboliser (UM) phenotypes, whereas two (0.4%) showed
genotypes that predicted Intermediate Metabolisers (IMs), and four (0.8%) subjects had
genotypes that Predicted Poor Metabolism (PMs).
Conclusion: The data add to our knowledge of CYP2D6 alleles, the genotypes and the
distributions of predicted phenotypes in Kurds. Majority of the observed variant alleles
confer no function and gene duplication. CYP2D6 polymorphisms were found to be very
heterogeneous in relation to genotype frequencies. Further study in relation to the evaluation
of drug therapy adjustment based on CYP2D6 genotype may help to understand the
clinical consequences of CYP2D6 polymorphisms.