Abstract
Variation in lunate morphology can exist based on the absence (Type I) or presence (Type II) of medial facet on the distal articular surface of the lunate that contacts the proximal pole of the hamate. This additional lunatohamate articulation can affect load transmission across the radiocarpal joint and exert an influence on carpal kinematics. A Type II lunate is protective against carpal instability patterns associated with scaphoid nonunions and scapholunate dissociations. It may also play a role in the progression of carpal collapse that occurs in Kienböck disease. This review summarizes the effect of lunate morphology in the outcomes of non-operative and operative treatment of carpal disorders.
Keywords: Lunate, morphology, Type II lunate scaphoid nonunions, scapholunate dissociations, scaphoid, radiodense arcs.
Graphical Abstract
[1]
Gilula LA, Weeks PM. Post-traumatic ligamentous instabilities of the wrist. Radiology 1978; 129(3): 641-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/129.3.641] [PMID: 725039]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/129.3.641] [PMID: 725039]
[2]
Gilula LA. Carpal injuries: analytic approach and case exercises. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1979; 133(3): 503-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.133.3.503] [PMID: 111512]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.133.3.503] [PMID: 111512]
[3]
Craigen MA, Stanley JK. Wrist kinematics. Row, column or both? J Hand Surg Am 1995; 20(2): 165-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0266-7681(05)80044-0] [PMID: 7775746]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0266-7681(05)80044-0] [PMID: 7775746]
[5]
Taleisnik J. The ligaments of the wrist. J Hand Surg Am 1976; 1(2): 110-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(76)80004-4] [PMID: 1018078]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(76)80004-4] [PMID: 1018078]
[6]
Nakamura K, Patterson RM, Moritomo H, Viegas SF. Type I versus type II lunates: Ligament anatomy and presence of arthrosis. J Hand Surg Am 2001; 26(3): 428-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhsu.2001.24140] [PMID: 11418903]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhsu.2001.24140] [PMID: 11418903]
[7]
Rhee PC, Jones DB, Moran SL, Shin AY. The effect of lunate morphology in Kienböck disease. J Hand Surg Am 2015; 40(4): 738-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.12.024] [PMID: 25701489]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.12.024] [PMID: 25701489]
[8]
Nakamura K, Beppu M, Matsushita K, Arai T, Ide T. Biomechanical analysis of the stress force on midcarpal joint in Kienbock disease. Hand Surg 1997; 2: 101-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0218810497000185]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0218810497000185]
[9]
Bain GI, Clitherow HD, Millar S, et al. The effect of lunate morphology on the 3-dimensional kine-matics of the carpus. The Journal of hand surgery 2015 Jan; 0(1): 81-89 e81.
[10]
Galley I, Bain GI, McLean JM. Influence of lunate type on scaphoid kinematics. J Hand Surg Am 2007; 32(6): 842-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2007.03.012] [PMID: 17606064]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2007.03.012] [PMID: 17606064]
[11]
Haase SC, Berger RA, Shin AY. Association between lunate morphology and carpal collapse patterns in scaphoid nonunions. J Hand Surg Am 2007; 32(7): 1009-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2007.06.005] [PMID: 17826554]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2007.06.005] [PMID: 17826554]
[12]
Nakamura K, Beppu M, Patterson RM, Hanson CA, Hume PJ, Viegas SF. Motion analysis in two dimensions of radial-ulnar deviation of type I versus type II lunates. J Hand Surg Am 2000; 25(5): 877-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhsu.2000.9411] [PMID: 11040303]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhsu.2000.9411] [PMID: 11040303]
[13]
Rhee PC, Moran SL, Shin AY. Association between lunate morphology and carpal collapse in cases of scapholunate dissociation. J Hand Surg Am 2009; 34(9): 1633-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.06.017] [PMID: 19833447]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.06.017] [PMID: 19833447]
[14]
Thienpont E, Mulier T, Rega F, De Smet L. Radiographic analysis of anatomical risk factors for Kienböck’s disease. Acta Orthop Belg 2004; 70(5): 406-9.
[PMID: 15587027]
[PMID: 15587027]
[15]
Tsuge S, Nakamura R. Anatomical risk factors for Kienböck’s disease. J Hand Surg [Br] 1993; 18(1): 70-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(93)90201-P] [PMID: 8436868]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(93)90201-P] [PMID: 8436868]
[16]
Kato H, Nakamura R. Lunate Morphology of Kienbock's Disease on X-Ray Study. Hand surgery : an international journal devoted to hand and upper limb surgery and related research : journal of the Asia-Pacific Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand 1999 Jul; 4(1): 75-9.
[17]
Kauer JM. Functional anatomy of the wrist. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1980; (149): 9-20.
[PMID: 7408322]
[PMID: 7408322]
[18]
Watson HK, Yasuda M, Guidera PM. Lateral lunate morphology: an x-ray study. J Hand Surg Am 1996; 21(5): 759-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(96)80188-2] [PMID: 8891970]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(96)80188-2] [PMID: 8891970]
[19]
Viegas SF, Patterson RM, Hokanson JA, Davis J. Wrist anatomy: incidence, distribution, and correlation of anatomic variations, tears, and arthrosis. J Hand Surg Am 1993; 18(3): 463-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0363-5023(93)90094-J] [PMID: 8515018]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0363-5023(93)90094-J] [PMID: 8515018]
[20]
Viegas SF, Wagner K, Patterson R, Peterson P. Medial (hamate) facet of the lunate. J Hand Surg Am 1990; 15(4): 564-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(09)90016-8] [PMID: 2380518]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(09)90016-8] [PMID: 2380518]
[21]
Lamas C, Carrera A, Proubasta I, Llusà M, Majó J, Mir X. The anatomy and vascularity of the lunate: considerations applied to Kienböck’s disease. Chir Main 2007; 26(1): 13-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.main.2007.01.001] [PMID: 17418764]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.main.2007.01.001] [PMID: 17418764]
[22]
Lluch A, Garcia-Elias M. Etiology of Kienböck disease. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg 2011; 15(1): 33-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BTH.0b013e3182107329] [PMID: 21358523]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BTH.0b013e3182107329] [PMID: 21358523]
[23]
Franck P. Die pathogenese der lunatum necrose Une ihre bezielung zur funktionellen Belastung des handgelenks. Beitr Z Klin Chir 1936; p. 164.
[24]
Shepherd FJ. Note on the Radio-Carpal Articulation. Journal of anatomy and physiology 1891 Apr; 25(Pt 3): 349-51.
[25]
Gelberman RH, Bauman TD, Menon J, Akeson WH. The vascularity of the lunate bone and Kienböck’s disease. J Hand Surg Am 1980; 5(3): 272-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(80)80013-X] [PMID: 7400565]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(80)80013-X] [PMID: 7400565]
[26]
Panagis JS, Gelberman RH, Taleisnik J, Baumgaertner M. The arterial anatomy of the human carpus. Part II: The intraosseous vascularity. J Hand Surg Am 1983; 8(4): 375-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(83)80195-6] [PMID: 6886331]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(83)80195-6] [PMID: 6886331]
[27]
Tatebe M, Imaeda T, Hirata H. The impact of lunate morphology on Kienbock’s disease. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2013; (May): 27.
[PMID: 23711924]
[PMID: 23711924]
[28]
Armistead RB, Linscheid RL, Dobyns JH, Beckenbaugh RD. Ulnar lengthening in the treatment of Kienböck’s disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1982; 64(2): 170-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-198264020-00003] [PMID: 7056768]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-198264020-00003] [PMID: 7056768]
[29]
Condit DP, Idler RS, Fischer TJ, Hastings HII. Preoperative factors and outcome after lunate decompression for Kienböck’s disease. J Hand Surg Am 1993; 18(4): 691-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0363-5023(93)90320-3] [PMID: 8349983]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0363-5023(93)90320-3] [PMID: 8349983]
[30]
Goldfarb CA, Hsu J, Gelberman RH, Boyer MI. The Lichtman classification for Kienböck’s disease: an assessment of reliability. J Hand Surg Am 2003; 28(1): 74-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhsu.2003.50035] [PMID: 12563641]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhsu.2003.50035] [PMID: 12563641]
[31]
Rectenwald JP, Green DP, Dobyns JH. Symptomatic carpal collapse after trapeziectomy and partial trapeziodectomy: report of two cases. J Hand Surg Am 2005; 30(4): 706-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2005.01.017] [PMID: 16039362]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2005.01.017] [PMID: 16039362]
[32]
Ruch DS, Papadonikolakis A. Resection of the scaphoid distal pole for symptomatic scaphoid nonunion after failed previous surgical treatment. J Hand Surg Am 2006; 31(4): 588-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2005.12.027] [PMID: 16632052]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2005.12.027] [PMID: 16632052]
[33]
Yuan BJ, Moran SL, Tay SC, Berger RA. Trapeziectomy and carpal collapse. J Hand Surg Am 2009; 34(2): 219-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.11.007] [PMID: 19181222]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.11.007] [PMID: 19181222]
[34]
Drewniany JJ, Palmer AK, Flatt AE. The scaphotrapezial ligament complex: an anatomic and biomechanical study. J Hand Surg Am 1985; 10(4): 492-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(85)80070-8] [PMID: 4020059]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(85)80070-8] [PMID: 4020059]
[35]
Herren DB, Lehmann O, Simmen BR. Does trapeziectomy destabilize the carpus? J Hand Surg [Br] 1998; 23(5): 676-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0266-7681(98)80027-2] [PMID: 9821619]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0266-7681(98)80027-2] [PMID: 9821619]
[36]
Kamal RN, Chehata A, Rainbow MJ, Llusá M, Garcia-Elias M. The effect of the dorsal intercarpal ligament on lunate extension after distal scaphoid excision. J Hand Surg Am 2012; 37(11): 2240-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2012.07.029] [PMID: 23044477]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2012.07.029] [PMID: 23044477]
[37]
Malerich MM, Catalano LW III, Weidner ZD, Vance MC, Eden CM, Eaton RG. Distal scaphoid resection for degenerative arthritis secondary to scaphoid nonunion: a 20-year experience. J Hand Surg Am 2014; 39(9): 1669-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.05.031] [PMID: 25154571]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.05.031] [PMID: 25154571]
[38]
Malerich MM, Clifford J, Eaton B, Eaton R, Littler JW. Distal scaphoid resection arthroplasty for the treatment of degenerative arthritis secondary to scaphoid nonunion. J Hand Surg Am 1999; 24(6): 1196-205.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhsu.1999.1196] [PMID: 10584941]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhsu.1999.1196] [PMID: 10584941]
[39]
Corbin C, Warwick D. Midcarpal instability after excision arthroplasty for scapho-trapezial-trapezoid (STT) arthritis. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2009; 34(4): 537-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193408098903] [PMID: 19675035]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193408098903] [PMID: 19675035]
[40]
Garcia-Elias M, Warwick D. Re: Corbin C, Warwick D. Midcarpal instability after excision arthroplasty for scapho-trapezial-trapezoid (STT) arthritis, J Hand Surg Eur. 2009, 34: 537-8. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2010; 35(1): 82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193409356219] [PMID: 20100722]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193409356219] [PMID: 20100722]
[41]
McLean JM, Turner PC, Bain GI, Rezaian N, Field J, Fogg Q. An association between lunate morphology and scaphoid-trapezium-trapezoid arthritis. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2009; 34(6): 778-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193409345201] [PMID: 19786403]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193409345201] [PMID: 19786403]
[42]
Nuttall D, Trail IA, Stanley JK. Movement of the scaphoid in the normal wrist. J Hand Surg [Br] 1998; 23(6): 762-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0266-7681(98)80092-2] [PMID: 9888677]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0266-7681(98)80092-2] [PMID: 9888677]
[43]
Tay SC, Moran SL, Shin AY, Linscheid RL. The clinical implications of scaphotrapezium-trapezoidal arthritis with associated carpal instability. J Hand Surg Am 2007; 32(1): 47-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2006.10.021] [PMID: 17218175]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2006.10.021] [PMID: 17218175]
Article Metrics
62
1
