Generic placeholder image

The Natural Products Journal

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2210-3155
ISSN (Online): 2210-3163

Review Article

Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Genus Bombax

Author(s): Deepshikha Rathore, Geetanjali and Ram Singh*

Volume 9, Issue 3, 2019

Page: [184 - 196] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/2210315508666180831095836

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: The history of traditional systems of medicine goes parallel with the history of human beings. Even today people have faith in traditional systems of medicine based on medicinal plants to meet primary health care needs. Hence, the scientific evaluation and documentation of extracts and active ingredients of medicinal plants always play a supportive role in their medicinal applications.

Objective: This review aims to present the phytochemicals isolated from the genus Bombax and their pharmacological applications.

Methods: The literature from research and review papers was analyzed and the information was compiled to present the pharmacological applications of various secondary metabolites from genus Bombax.

Results: The genus Bombax belongs to the family Malvaceae and known for its therapeutic applications. The crude, semi-purified and purified extracts of different parts of this plant have shown potential therapeutic applications. A total of 96 articles including research and review papers were referred for the compilation of isolated phytochemicals and their chemical structures.

Conclusion: We systematically summarized 176 isolated compounds from the genus Bombax. The findings show that this plant shows potential towards pharmacological activities. The activities were found more from extracts than the single isolated compounds.

Keywords: Bombax, Bombax ceiba, simbal, simul, ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities.

Graphical Abstract
[1]
Shankar, K.; Liao, L.P. Traditional systems of medicine. Phys. Med. Rehabil. Clin. N. Am., 2004, 15, 725-747.
[2]
Vedavathy, S. Scope and importance of traditional medicine. Indian J. Tradit. Knowl., 2003, 2, 236-239.
[3]
Singh, R. Geetanjali. Asparagus racemosus: A review on its phytochemical and therapeutic potential. Nat. Prod. Res., 2016, 30, 1896-1908.
[4]
Fatima, A.; Singh, R. The chemistry and pharmacology of genistein. Nat. Prod. J., 2016, 6, 3-12.
[5]
Singh, R. Phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of Ricinus communis Linn. Alg. J. Nat. Prod., 2015, 3, 120-129.
[6]
Singh, R. Chemotaxonomy: A tool for plant classification. J. Med. Plants Studies, 2016, 4, 90-93.
[7]
Singh, R. Chapter 6: Chemotaxonomy of medicinal plants: Possibilities and limitations. In: Natural Products and Drug Discovery - An Integrated Approach; Mandal; S.C.; Mandal; V.; Konishi; T. Elsevier. , 2018; pp. 119-136.
[8]
Rajendra, K.C. A brief introduction to semal (Bombax ceiba Linn); Georg-August University Goettingen, Germany. , 2008.
[9]
Bhargava, C.; Thakur, M.; Yadav, S.K. Effect of Bombax ceiba L. on spermatogenesis, sexual behaviour and erectile function in male rats. Andrologia, 2012, 44, 474-478.
[10]
Karole, S.; Gautam, G.; Gupta, S. Pharmacognostic and pharmacological Profile of Bombax ceiba. Asian J. Pharmaceuti. Edu. Res., 2017, 6, 16-26.
[11]
Hait, M.; Goswami, J. Physicochemical and phytochemical status on flower of Bombax ceiba. J. Med. Plants Stud., 2017, 5, 189-192.
[12]
Chaudhary, P.H.; Rai, P.D.; Deore, S.L.; Khadabadi, S.S. Pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies on roots of Bombax ceiba Linn. J. Pharm. Pharma. Res, 2014, 2, 172-182.
[13]
Jain, V.; Verma, S.K.; Katewa, S.S.; Anandjiwala, S.; Singh, B. Free radical scavenging property of Bombax ceiba linn root. Res. J. Med. Plant, 2011, 5, 462-470.
[14]
Katewa, S.S.; Jain, A. Traditional folk herbal medicines; Apex Publishing House: Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, 2006.
[15]
Nam, N.H.; Kim, H.M.; Bae, K.H.; Ahn, B.Z. Inhibitory effects of Vietnamese medicinal plants on tube-like formation of human umbilical venous cells. Phytother. Res., 2003, 17, 107-111.
[16]
Manzur-ul-Kadir, M.M.; Fahim, K.M.; Shahadat, H.M.; Rahmatullah, M. Medicinal plants of the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh. Am. Eurasian. J. Sus. Agric., 2009, 3, 165-171.
[17]
Verma, V.; Jalalpure, S.S.; Sahu, A.; Bhardwaj, K.; Prakesh, Y. Bombax ceiba Linn: Pharmacognostical, phytochemistry, ethnobotany and pharmacology studies. Int. Pharma. Sciencia., 2011, 1, 62-68.
[18]
Jain, V.; Verma, S.K.; Katewa, S.S. Effect of Bombax ceiba root on some cardiovascular risk parameters in patients with ischemic heart disease. Asian J. Bio. Sci., 2012, 5, 351-357.
[19]
Jain, V.; Verma, S.K. Pharmocology of Bombax ceiba linn; Springer: Heidelberg, 2012.
[20]
Bhavsar, C.J.; Talele, G.S. Potential anti-diabetic activity of Bombax ceiba. Bangladesh J. Pharmacol., 2013, 8, 102-106.
[21]
Verma, R.; Devre, K.; Gangrade, T.; Gore, S.; Gour, S. A pharmacognostic and pharmacological overview on Bombax ceiba. Sch. Acad. J. Pharm., 2014, 3, 100-107.
[22]
Chaudhary, P.H.; Khadabadi, S.S. Bombax ceiba linn: Pharmacognosy, ethnobotany and phyto-pharmacology. Pharmacol. Commun., 2012, 2, 2-9.
[23]
Said, A.; Aboutabl, E.A.; Nofal, S.M.; Tokuda, H.; Raslan, M. Phytoconstituents and bioactivity evaluation of B. ceiba L. flowers. J. Trad. Med., 2011, 28, 55-62.
[24]
Kai, X.G.; Ying, Q.X.; Kai, W.G.; Yong, X.G.; Sen, L.X.; Yu, S.C.; Lin, L.B.; Jian, Q.M. Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of standard ethanol extract of Bombax ceiba leaves in high-fat-diet and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Chin. J. Nat. Med., 2017, 15, 168-177.
[25]
Zhang, Y.B.; Wu, P.; Zhang, X.L.; Xia, C.; Li, G.Q.; Ye, W.C.; Wang, G.C.; Li, Y.L. Phenolic compounds from the flowers of Bombax malabaricum and their antioxidant and antiviral activities. Molecules, 2015, 20, 19947-19957.
[26]
Saleem, R.; Ahmad, S.I.; Ahmed, M.; Faizi, Z.; Rehman, S.Z.; Ali, M.; Faizi, S. Hypotensive activity and toxicology of constituents from Bombax ceiba Stem Bark. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 2003, 26, 41-46.
[27]
Refaat, J.; Desoky, S.Y.; Ramadan, M.A.; Kamel, M.S. Bombacaceae: A phytochemical review. Pharm. Biol., 2013, 51, 100-130.
[28]
Joshi, K.R.; Devkota, H.P.; Yahara, S. Simalin A and B: Two new aromatic compounds from the stem bark of Bombax ceiba. Phytochem. Lett., 2014, 7, 26-29.
[29]
Anandarajagopal, K.; Sunilson, J.A.J.; Promwichit, P. Bombax ceiba Linn bark extracts shows anti-microbial activity. Int. J. Pharm. Res., 2011, 3, 24-26.
[30]
Singh, G.; Passsari, A.K.; Leo, V.V.; Mishra, V.K.; Subbarayan, S.; Singh, B.P.; Kumar, B.; Kumar, S.; Gupta, V.K.; Llhlenmawia, H.; Nachimuthu, S.K. Evaluation of phenolic content variability along with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic potential of selected traditional medicinal plants from India. Front. Plant Sci., 2016, 7, Article 407.
[31]
Faizi, S.; Zikr-Ur-rehman, S.; Versiani, M.A. Shamiminol: A new aromatic glycoside from the stem bark of Bombax ceiba. Nat. Prod. Commun., 2011, 6, 1897-1900.
[32]
Joshi, K.R.; Devkota, H.P.; Yahara, S. Chemical analysis of flowers of Bombax ceiba from Nepal. Nat. Prod. Commun., 2013, 8, 583-584.
[33]
Puckhaber, L.S.; Stipanovic, R.D. Revised structure for a sesquiterpene lactone from Bombax malbaricum. J. Nat. Prod., 2001, 64, 260-261.
[34]
Zhang, X.; Zhu, H.; Zhang, S.; Yu, Q.; Xuan, L. Sesquiterpenoids from Bombax malabaricum. J. Nat. Prod., 2007, 70, 1526-1528.
[35]
Sreeramulu, K.; Rao, K.V.; Rao, C.V.; Gunasekar, D. A new naphthoquinone from Bombax malabaricum. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 2001, 3, 261-265.
[36]
Reddy, M.V.B.; Reddy, M.K.R.; Gunasekar, D.; Murthy, M.M.; Caux, C.; Bodo, B. A new sesquiterpene lactone from Bombax malabaricum. Chem. Pharm. Bull. , 2003, 51, 458-459.
[37]
Wang, G.K.; Lin, B.B.; Qin, M.J. Study on chemical constituents from leaf of Bombax ceiba (II). J. Chin. Medicin. Mat., 2014, 37, 240-242.
[38]
Zahan, R.; Nahar, L.; Haque, M.; Nesaand, M.L.; Alam, Z. Antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Alangium salvifolium and Bombax ceiba. J. Pharm. Sci., 2013, 12, 159-163.
[39]
Wu, J.; Zhang, X.H.; Zhang, S.W.; Xuan, L.J. Three novel compounds from the flowers of Bombax malabaricum. Helv. Chim. Acta, 2008, 91, 136-143.
[40]
Jain, V.; Verma, S.K. Assessment of credibility of some folk medicinal claims on B. ceiba L. Ind. J. Trad. Know., 2014, 13, 87-94.
[41]
Elumalai, A.; Mathangi, N.; Didala, A.; Kasarla, R.; Venkatesh, Y. A review on ceiba pentandra & its medicinal features. Asian J. Pharm. Tech., 2012, 2, 83-86.
[42]
Saleem, R.; Ahmad, M.; Syed, A.H.; Aamer, M.Q.; Syed, I.A.; Mahmood, H.Q.; Ali, M.; Faizi, S.; Akhtar, S.; Syed, N.H. Hypotensive, hypoglycaemic and toxicological studies on the flavonol C-glycoside shamimin from Bombax ceiba. Planta Med., 1999, 65, 331-334.
[43]
Patil, H.M.; Bhaskar, V.V. Medicinal uses of plants by tribal medicine men of Nandurbar district in Maharastra. Nat. Prod. Rad., 2006, 5, 125-130.
[44]
Ravi, V.; Patel, S.S.; Verma, N.K.; Dutta, D.; Saleem, T.S.M. Hepatoprotective activity of Bombax ceiba Linn against isoniazid and rifampicin-induced toxicity in experimental rats. Int. J. Appl. Res. Nat. Prod., 2010, 3, 19-26.
[45]
Rajesh, D.; Amita, G.; Mandal, T.K.; Desh, D.S.; Vivek, B.; Gurav, A.M.; Lavekar, G.S. Antimicrobial activity of some Indian medicinal plants. African J. Trad. Compl. Alter. Med., 2007, 4, 313-318.
[46]
Vieira, T.O.; Said, A.; Aboutabl, E.; Azzam, M.; Creczynski, P.; Tania, B. Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Bombax ceiba. Redox Rep., 2009, 14, 41-46.
[47]
Amit, T. Folk medicinal uses of plant roots from Meerut district. Uttar Pradesh. Ind. J. Trad. Know., 2009, 8, 298-301.
[48]
Ravikumar, B.R.; Mohan, D.; Bhagwat, V.G. Efficacy study of Styplon vet bolus as supportive therapy in management of hemorrhagic conditions of ruminants. Vet. World, 2009, 2, 470-471.
[49]
Chakraborty, D.D.; Ravi, V.; Chkaraborty, P. Phytochemical evaluation and TLC protocol of various extracts of B. ceiba Linn. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 2010, 1, 66-73.
[50]
Jain, S.K. Dictionary of folk medicine and ethanobotony; Deep Publication: New Delhi, 1991.
[51]
Sarkar, P.R. Yogic treatment and natural remedies, 2nd Ed; AMPS Publication: Calcutta, 1896.
[52]
Singh, V.; Pandey, R.P. Ethanobotany of Rajasthan India; Scientific Publishers: Jodhpur, 1998.
[53]
Jain, S.K. Ethanobotany in human walfare; Deep Publication: New Delhi, 1996.
[54]
Essien, A.D.; Essiet, G.A.; Akuodor, G.C.; Akpan, J.L.; Chilaka, K.C.; Bassey, A.L.; Ezeokpo, B.C.; Nwobodo, N.N. Pharmacological evaluation of the aqueous stem bark extract of Bombax buonopozense in the relief of pain and fever. Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 2016, 10, 59-65.
[55]
Nishida, N.; Yano, H.; Nishida, T.; Kamura, T.; Kojiro, M. Angiogenesis in cancer. Vasc. Health Risk Manag., 2006, 2, 213-219.
[56]
You, Y.J.; Nam, N.H.; Kim, Y.; Bae, K.H.; Ahn, B.Z. Antiangiogenic activity of lupeol from Bombax ceiba. Phytother. Res., 2003, 17, 341-344.
[57]
Rani, S.; Rahman, K.; Sultana, A. Ethanomedicinal and pharmacological activities of mochrus (Bombax ceiba Linn.): An overview. TANG, 2016, 6, 1-9.
[58]
Mota, M.L.; Thomas, G.; Barbosa, F.J.M. Anti-inflammatory actions of tannins isolated from the bark of Anacardium occidentale L. J. Ethnopharmacol., 1985, 13, 289-300.
[59]
Huang, Y.C.; Hwang, T.L.; Chang, C.S.; Yang, Y.L.; Shen, C.N.; Liao, W.Y.; Chen, S.C.; Liaw, C.C. Anti-inflammatory flavonoids from the rhizomes of Helmintho stachyszeylanica. J. Nat. Prod., 2009, 2, 1273-1278.
[60]
Della, L.R.; Tubaro, A.; Sosa, S.; Becker, H.; Saar, S.; Isaac, O. The role of triterpenoids in the topical anti-inflammatory activity of Calendula officinalis flowers. Planta Med., 1994, 60, 516-520.
[61]
Song, C.F.; Chin, L.H.; Gow, C.Y. Anti-inflammatory effects of phenolic compounds isolated from the fruits of Artocarpus heterophyllus. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2008, 56, 4463-4468.
[62]
Anandarajagopal, K.; Sunilson, J.A.J.; Ajaykumar, T.V.; Ananth, R.; Kamal, S. In-vitro anti-inflammatory evaluation of crude Bombax ceiba extracts. European J. Med. Plants, 2013, 3, 99-104.
[63]
Chen, Q.; Wang, L.; Ye, S. The study of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of the five edible plants. J. Med. Plants Res., 2012, 6, 3351-3358.
[64]
Akuodor, G.C.; Idris-Usman, M.; Ibrahim, J.A.; Chilaka, K.C.; Akpan, J.L.; Dzarma, S.; Muazzam, I.; Osunkwo, U.A. Anti-nociceptic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of the methanolic extract of B. buonopozense leaves in rats and mice. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 2011, 10, 3191-3196.
[65]
Kumar, S.; Malik, D.K.; Kumar, R. Antimicrobial effect of Mangifera Indica, Bombax ceiba, Syzygium cumini and Kalanchoe pinnata against acne-inducing bacteria. Asian J. Exp. Biol. Sci., 2013, 4, 645-647.
[66]
Khan, P.M.A.; Hussain, S.; Mohsin, M.; Farooqui, M.; Zaheer, A. Bombax ceiba flower extract: Biological screening and application as pH indicator. J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. A, 2012, 2, 43-48.
[67]
Nagamani, J.E.; Vidya, S.D.; Syeda, H.B. A study on antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Bombax ceiba pentandra seed extract. World J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2014, 3, 692-706.
[68]
Mann, A.; Salawu, F.B.; Abdulrauf, I. Antimicrobial activity of Bombax buonopozense P. Beauv. (Bombacaceae) edible floral extracts. Eur. J. Scient. Res., 2011, 48, 627-630.
[69]
Akuodor, G.C.; Essien, A.D.; Ibrahim, J.A.; Bassey, A.; Akpan, J.L.; Ikoro, N.C.; Onyewenjo, S.C. Phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of the methanolic extracts of B. buonopozense leaf and root. Asian J. Med. Sci., 2011, 2, 190-194.
[70]
Firempong, C.K.; Andoh, L.A.; Akanwariwiak, W.G.; Addo-Fordjour, P.; Adjakofi, P. Phytochemical screening and antifungal activities of crude ethanol extracts of red-flowered silk cotton tree (Bombax buonopozense) and Calabash nutmeg (Monodora myristica) on Candida albicans. J. Microbiol. Antimicrob., 2016, 8, 22-27.
[71]
Gupta, P.; Goyal, R.; Chauhan, Y.; Sharma, P.L. Possible modulation of FAS and PTP-1B signalling in ameliorative potential of Bombax ceiba against high fat diet induced obesity. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 2013, 13, 281-289.
[72]
Patra, S.; Nithya, S.; Srinithya, B.; Meenakshi, S.M. Review of medicinal plants for anti-obesity activity. Transl. Biomed., 2015, 6, 1-22.
[73]
Gandhare, B.; Soni, N.; Dhongade, H.J. In vitro antioxidant activity of Bombax ceiba. Int. J. Biomed. Res., 2010, 1, 31-36.
[74]
Wahab, S.; Hussain, A.; Farooqui, A.H.A.; Ahmad, M.P.; Hussain, M.S.; Rizvi, A.; Ahmad, M.F.; Ansari, N.H. In vivo antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity of Bombax ceiba bark. Focusing on its invigorating effects. Am. J. Adv. Drug Deliv., 2014, 2, 1-13.
[75]
Divya, N.; Nagamani, J.E.; Prabhu, S. Antioxidant and antihemolytic activities of Bombax ceiba pentandra spike and fruit extracts. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2012, 4, 311-315.
[76]
Ngwuluka, N.C. Are Bombax buonopozense and Bombax malabaricum possible nutraceuticals for age management. Prev. Med., 2012, 54, S64-S70.
[77]
Cook, J.A.; Vanderjagt, D.J.; Dasgupta, A.; Mounkaila, G.; Glew, R.S.; Blackwell, W.; Glew, R.H. Use of the trolox assay to estimate the antioxidant content of seventeen edible wild plants of Niger. Life Sci., 1998, 63, 105-110.
[78]
Al-Jaber, N.A.; Awaad, A.S.; Moses, J.E. Review on some antioxidant plants growing in Arab world. J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 2011, 15, 293-307.
[79]
Kumar, N.S. Evaluation of RBC membrane stabilization and antioxidant activity of Bombax ceiba in vitro method. Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci., 2011, 2, 220-226.
[80]
Gupta, A.K.; Sharma, M.; Tondon, N. Reviews on Indian medicinal plants Indian Council of Medical Research. New Delhi. 2004, 2, 127-131.
[81]
Esua, O.J.; Makinde, O.O.; Arueya, G.L.; Chin, N.L. Antioxidant potential, phytochemical and nutrient compositions of Nigerian hog plum (Spondias mombin) seed kernel as a new food source. IFRJ, 2016, 23(Suppl.), S179-S185.
[82]
Wanjari, M.M.; Gangoria, R.; Dey, Y.N.; Gaidhani, S.N.; Pandey, N.K.; Jadhav, A.D. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Bombax ceiba flowers against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Hepatoma Res., 2016, 2, 144-150.
[83]
Akuodor, G.C.; Mbah, C.C.; Megwas, U.A.; Ikoro, N.C.; Akpan, J.L.; Okwuosa, B.O.; Osunkwo, U.A. In vivo antimalarial activity of methanol leaf extract of Bombax buonopozense in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci., 2011, 5, 1790-1796.
[84]
Dar, A.; Faizi, S.; Naqvi, S.; Roome, T.; Zikr-ur-Rehman, S.; Ali, M.; Firdous, S.; Moin, S.T. Analgesic and antioxidant activity of mangiferin and its derivatives: The structure activity relationship. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 2005, 28, 596-600.
[85]
Mpiana, P.T.; Mudogo, V.; Tshibangu, D.S.T.; Kitwa, E.K.; Kanangila, A.B.; Lumbu, J.B.S.; Ngbolua, K.N.; Atibu, E.K.; Kakule, M.K. Antisickling activity of anthocyanins from Bombax pentadrum, Ficus capensis and Ziziphus mucronata: Photodegrad Effect. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2008, 120, 413-418.
[86]
Mann, A.; Ifarajimi, O.R.; Adewoye, A.T.; Ukam, C.; Udeme, E.E.; Okorie, I.I.; Sakpe, M.S.; Ibrahim, D.R.; Yahaya, Y.A.; Kabir, A.Y.; Ogbadoyi, E.O. In vivo antitrypanosomal effects of some ethnomedicinal plants from Nupeland of north central Nigeria. J. Trad. Compl. Altern. Med., 2011, 8, 15-21.
[87]
Wang, Y.; Huang, T. Screening of anti-helicobacter pylori herbs deriving from Taiwanese folk medicinal plants. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol., 2005, 43, 295-300.
[88]
Mollik, M.A.H.; Hossain, M.F.; Sen, D.; Hassan, A.I.; Rahman, M.S. Traditional Asian medicine & leprosy in Bangladesh. Eur. JIM, 2009, 1, 181-221.
[89]
Saxena, P.; Vyas, K.M. Ethnobotanical records of infectious diseases from tribal of Banda districts (U.P.). J. Econ. Taxon. Bot., 1981, 11, 191-194.
[90]
Jain, A.; Katewa, S.S. Folk herbal medicines used in birth control & sexual diseases by tribal of southern Rajasthan, India. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2004, 90, 171-177.
[91]
Behera, S.K.; Misra, M.K. Indigenous phytotherapy for genito-urinary diseases used by the Kandha tribe of Orissa, India. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2005, 102, 319-325.
[92]
Sebastian, M.K.; Bhandari, M.M. Medico-ethno botany of Mount Abu, Rajasthan, India. J. Ethnopharmacol., 1984, 12, 223-230.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy