Title:MIL-101(Cr) MOF as a Support for Reactive Polyoxometalates (POMs) Clusters. Principles of POMs Encapsulation and Chemistry of POMs Inside MIL-101 Cavities
VOLUME: 7 ISSUE: 2
Author(s):Romain Canioni, Catherine Roch-Marchal*, Mohamed Haouas, Alexandre Vimont, Patricia Horcajada, Francis Secheresse and Christian Serre
Affiliation:Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS UMR 8180, Universite de Versailles St Quentin-en-Yvelines, Universite Paris- Saclay, Versailles, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS UMR 8180, Universite de Versailles St Quentin-en-Yvelines, Universite Paris- Saclay, Versailles, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS UMR 8180, Universite de Versailles St Quentin-en-Yvelines, Universite Paris- Saclay, Versailles, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, CNRS ENSICAEN, Universite de Caen Basse Normandie, Caen, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS UMR 8180, Universite de Versailles St Quentin-en-Yvelines, Universite Paris- Saclay, Versailles, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS UMR 8180, Universite de Versailles St Quentin-en-Yvelines, Universite Paris- Saclay, Versailles, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS UMR 8180, Universite de Versailles St Quentin-en-Yvelines, Universite Paris- Saclay, Versailles
Keywords:MOF, MIL-101(Cr), POM, polyoxometalates, support, ionic exchange, Lewis acid sites, in situ IR study of CO adsorption.
Abstract:Background: Incorporation of polyoxometalates (POMs) inside mesoporous materials such as Metal
Organic Frameworks (MOFs) is a common strategy to prepare highly dispersed active species useful for catalytic
applications. Nevertheless, a systematic study of the POMs insertion especially in MIL-101(Cr), one of the
most used MOFs, appears necessary to clarify the nature of the species really incorporated.
Objectives: Effects of the structure, charge and size of the POMs on the nature of inserted ionic species,
their maximum loading, and their interaction with the MOF framework are investigated.
Methods: POMs with the same Keggin structure (13 Å) but different charges were used, i.e., [PMo12O40]3-,
[SiMo12O40]3-, [PMo11VVO40]4-, [PMo11VIVO40]5- with various counter-ions like H+, Na+, NH4
+ or TBA+.
Other compounds known for their stability and larger dimension were also used, namely the Dawson-type
[PMo18O62]6-, the Preyssler-type [P5W30O110]15-, and the macro-ring [P8W48O184]40- with diameters of 15, 18
and 24 Å, respectively. MIL-101(Cr), chromium(III) terephthalate, synthesized in presence or absence of
fluorhydric acid was used. Impregnation of POMs was performed in presence of a large excess of POMs to
determine the maximum loading, or in proportion of the maximum loading. All compounds have been characterized
by elemental analysis, infrared (IR), UV-Visible, and 31P NMR spectroscopies, X-Ray powder diffraction
and thermo-diffractometry, and thermogravimetry. Textural properties of modified materials were
also characterized using N2 adsorption isotherms. The POM interaction with the MOF was also investigated
by in situ IR spectroscopy studies monitoring the adsorption of CO probe and the potential transformations
of POM incorporated inside the cavities were studied.
Results: All types of the counter ions of POMs are not incorporated inside the MOF, [Cr3Fx(H2O)3-
xO(bdc)3](NO3)(1-x).nH2O ((bdc = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate, x << 1), either in aqueous or organic solvent.
Incorporation of POMs within the cavities of MIL-101(Cr) occurs by ionic exchange with nitrate
ions. The maximum of POMs loading per large cavity depends on their negative charge, but also on the
steric limitation of the structure type of POM: 8 for Keggin one and 4 for Dawson one. Thermodiffraction
reveals an increase of the thermal stability of POM@MIL-101(Cr) until 280°C versus 220°C for
the parent empty MOF. The study of CO adsorption by in situ IR spectroscopy indicates that the Lewis
acid sites of MIL-101(Cr) are blocked by nitrate ions and incorporation of POM increases slightly their
access. Furthermore, no significant Brønsted acid sites were detected. Subsequent ionic exchange of incorporated
POMs with Cl-, ClO4
-, and other POMs were also studied. Finally, the pH stability of the
MOF allows the partial hydrolysis of incorporated POM leading to unsaturated POM that can react with
transition metal neutral complexes.
Conclusion: No counter-ions of POMs are incorporated. Incorporation of POMs inside MIL-101(Cr)
proceeds by ionic exchange. POMs thermally stabilize the MOF's framework and slightly increase the
acess to Lewis acid sites. POMs can be removed by ionic exchange. We demonstrate that the host MIL-
101(Cr) behaves as a molecular reactor for the POMs chemistry.
