Title:Chronic Latent Magnesium Deficiency in Obesity Decreases Positive Effects of Vitamin D on Cardiometabolic Risk Indicators
VOLUME: 16 ISSUE: 6
Author(s):Edita Stokic*, Andrea Romani, Branislava Ilincic, Aleksandar Kupusinac, Zoran Stosic and Esma R. Isenovic
Affiliation:Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Laboratory for Molecular Genetics and Radiobiology, Institute Vinca, University of Belgrade, Belgrade
Keywords:Obesity, micronutrients, chronic latent magnesium deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, cardiometabolic risk indicators,
insulin resistance.
Abstract:Background: Obesity and micronutrient deficiencies contribute to the risk of cardiometabolic
diseases such are type 2 diabetes mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD).
Objective: We examined the frequency of concomitant deficit of Magnesium (Mg) and vitamin D in
obese patients and evaluated the connection of these combined deficiencies with indicators of cardiometabolic
risk in non-diabetic subjects.
Methods: Non-diabetic middle aged adults (n = 80; mean age 36 ± 4 years, 52% women) were recruited
based on weight/adiposity parameters [i.e. Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat percentage (FAT%)].
Cardiometabolic risk indicators [insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance
(HOMA-IR)) and CVD risk (Framingham risk score for predicting 10-year CVD)], Mg status (i.e.
total serum Mg concentration (TMg), Chronic Latent Mg Deficiency (CLMD) - 0.75-0.85 mmol/L),
vitamin D status (i.e. serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), vitamin D deficiency
<50 nmol/l) were assessed.
Results: Among obese subjects 36% presented a combination of vitamin D deficiency and CLMD. In all
studied patients, 25(OH)D and TMg levels both, individually and combined, showed a negative linear
correlation with HOMA-IR and CVD risk. In subjects with CLMD (TMg <0.85 mmol/L), a negative
linear coefficient was found between 25(OH)D and, HOMA-IR and CVD risk, compared with subjects
with normal TMg status (TMg 0.85 mmol/L).
Conclusion: CLMD and vitamin D deficiency may commonly be present in obese non-diabetic subjects.
Individually and combined, both deficiencies predispose non-diabetic patients to increased risk of
cardiometabolic diseases. Maintaining normal Mg status may improve the beneficial effects of vitamin
D on cardiometabolic risk indicators.
