Abstract
Background: The importance of increased resting heart rate in hypertensive patients was highlighted in the European Society of Hypertension statement on the identification and management of hypertensive patient with elevated heart rate.
Methods: Review of the available literature.
Results: Increased heart rate is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality even after adjustment for other conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Resting heart rate is correlated with blood pressure and prospectively related to the development of hypertension, as shown in numerous general population and hypertensive cohorts. Patients with hypertension may be characterized by increased sympathetic activation, and increased heart rate is considered a simple marker of increased sympathetic nervous activity. The definition of tachycardia is debatable as in clinical practice, tachycardia is generally defined as resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute (bpm) but this definition does not take into account epidemiological data and risk related to increased heart rate. Available evidence suggests that a lower threshold defining an increased resting heart rate should be adopted. In large hypertensive cohorts, approximately one third of the studied subjects had resting heart rate above 80-85 bpm and many of these patients had features of the metabolic/insulin resistance syndrome. Furthermore, the prevalence of hypertension increases with age and the hemodynamic pattern of hypertension in older subjects is not characterized by increased heart rate.
Conclusions: These reasons, in addition to the fact that heart rate is variable and depends on multiple factors, may explain why not all patients with hypertension are tachycardic at rest.
Keywords: Resting heart rate, hypertension, tachycardia, blood pressure, hypertensive cohorts, hemodynamic pattern.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Why Not All Hypertensive Patients Are Tachycardic at Rest?
Volume: 23 Issue: 31
Author(s): Maciej Sinski*, Piotr Jedrusik and Jacek Lewandowski
Affiliation:
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw,Poland
Keywords: Resting heart rate, hypertension, tachycardia, blood pressure, hypertensive cohorts, hemodynamic pattern.
Abstract: Background: The importance of increased resting heart rate in hypertensive patients was highlighted in the European Society of Hypertension statement on the identification and management of hypertensive patient with elevated heart rate.
Methods: Review of the available literature.
Results: Increased heart rate is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality even after adjustment for other conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Resting heart rate is correlated with blood pressure and prospectively related to the development of hypertension, as shown in numerous general population and hypertensive cohorts. Patients with hypertension may be characterized by increased sympathetic activation, and increased heart rate is considered a simple marker of increased sympathetic nervous activity. The definition of tachycardia is debatable as in clinical practice, tachycardia is generally defined as resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute (bpm) but this definition does not take into account epidemiological data and risk related to increased heart rate. Available evidence suggests that a lower threshold defining an increased resting heart rate should be adopted. In large hypertensive cohorts, approximately one third of the studied subjects had resting heart rate above 80-85 bpm and many of these patients had features of the metabolic/insulin resistance syndrome. Furthermore, the prevalence of hypertension increases with age and the hemodynamic pattern of hypertension in older subjects is not characterized by increased heart rate.
Conclusions: These reasons, in addition to the fact that heart rate is variable and depends on multiple factors, may explain why not all patients with hypertension are tachycardic at rest.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Sinski Maciej*, Jedrusik Piotr and Lewandowski Jacek, Why Not All Hypertensive Patients Are Tachycardic at Rest?, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2017; 23 (31) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170608085629
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170608085629 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Do Folate, Vitamins B<sub>6</sub> and B<sub>12</sub> Play a Role in the Pathogenesis of Migraine? The Role of Pharmacoepigenomics
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets COX-2 and the Kidneys
Current Pharmaceutical Design On the Structural Basis of the Hypertensive Properties of Angiotensin II: A Solved Mystery or a Controversial Issue?
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Modulation of the Immune System for the Treatment of Glaucoma
Current Neuropharmacology Review of Trans-Atlantic Cardiovascular Best Medical Therapy Guidelines – Recommendations for Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis
Current Vascular Pharmacology Therapeutic Strategies in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy - a Translational Medicine Approach
Current Medicinal Chemistry BK Channel Modulators: A Comprehensive Overview
Current Medicinal Chemistry Low Levels of High Density Lipoprotein Increase the Severity of Cerebral White Matter Changes:Implications for Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases
Current Alzheimer Research Heart Disease in Patients with HIV/AIDS-An Emerging Clinical Problem
Current Cardiology Reviews Ion Channel Architecture of the Renal Microcirculation
Current Hypertension Reviews Myocardial Revascularization Strategies in Diabetic Patients with Multi-Vessel Disease: CABG vs DES-Based PCI
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial (Thematic Issue: Switching to Biological Agents in Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Disorders: Current Targets and Therapy)
Current Medicinal Chemistry Adiposity and the Gut - The Role of Gut Hormones
Current Nutrition & Food Science Angiotensin-(1-7): A Peptide Hormone with Anti-Cancer Activity
Current Medicinal Chemistry Vascular Pharmacotherapy and Dementia
Current Vascular Pharmacology Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Endothelial Function in Humans:Clinical Implications
Current Vascular Pharmacology Regulators of G Protein Signaling: Potential Drug Targets for Controlling Cardiovascular and Immune Function
Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Editorial (Hot Topic: Marine Peptides: Emerging Perspectives for Pharmaceuticals)
Current Protein & Peptide Science Emerging Concepts for Myocardial Late Gadolinium Enhancement MRI
Current Cardiology Reviews Effects of CYP2C19 Polymorphism on Endothelial Function, Arterial Stiffness and Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease Patients Under Clopidogrel Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design