Abstract
Adenovirus is one of the most commonly used vectors for gene therapy and it is the first approved virus-derived drug for treatment of cancer. As an oncolytic agent, it can induce lysis of infected cells, but it can also engage the immune system, promoting activation and maturation of antigen- presenting cells (APCs). In essence, oncolysis combined with the associated immunostimulatory actions result in a “personalized in situ vaccine” for each patient. In order to take full advantage of these features, we should try to understand how adenovirus interacts with the immune system, what are the receptors involved in triggering subsequent signals and which kind of responses they elicit. Tackling these questions will give us further insight in how to manipulate adenovirus-mediated immune responses for enhancement of anti-tumor efficacy.
In this review, we first highlight how oncolytic adenovirus interacts with the innate immune system and its receptors such as Toll-like receptors, nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)- like receptors and other immune sensors. Then we describe the effect of these interactions on the adaptive immune system and its cells, especially B and T lymphocytes. Finally, we summarize the most significant preclinical and clinical results in the field of gene therapy where researchers have engineered adenovirus to manipulate the host immune system by expressing cytokines and signalingmediators.
Keywords: Oncolytic adenovirus, gene therapy, innate immune system, adaptive immune system, pattern recognition receptors, armed oncolytic adenovirus, toll-like receptors.
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Title:Cancer-Targeted Oncolytic Adenoviruses for Modulation of the Immune System
Volume: 18 Issue: 2
Author(s): Vincenzo Cerullo*, Cristian Capasso, Markus Vaha-Koskela, Otto Hemminki and Akseli Hemminki*
Affiliation:
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Center for Drug Research and Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki,Finland
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Transplantation Laboratory and Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki,Finland
Keywords: Oncolytic adenovirus, gene therapy, innate immune system, adaptive immune system, pattern recognition receptors, armed oncolytic adenovirus, toll-like receptors.
Abstract: Adenovirus is one of the most commonly used vectors for gene therapy and it is the first approved virus-derived drug for treatment of cancer. As an oncolytic agent, it can induce lysis of infected cells, but it can also engage the immune system, promoting activation and maturation of antigen- presenting cells (APCs). In essence, oncolysis combined with the associated immunostimulatory actions result in a “personalized in situ vaccine” for each patient. In order to take full advantage of these features, we should try to understand how adenovirus interacts with the immune system, what are the receptors involved in triggering subsequent signals and which kind of responses they elicit. Tackling these questions will give us further insight in how to manipulate adenovirus-mediated immune responses for enhancement of anti-tumor efficacy.
In this review, we first highlight how oncolytic adenovirus interacts with the innate immune system and its receptors such as Toll-like receptors, nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)- like receptors and other immune sensors. Then we describe the effect of these interactions on the adaptive immune system and its cells, especially B and T lymphocytes. Finally, we summarize the most significant preclinical and clinical results in the field of gene therapy where researchers have engineered adenovirus to manipulate the host immune system by expressing cytokines and signalingmediators.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Cerullo Vincenzo *, Capasso Cristian , Vaha-Koskela Markus , Hemminki Otto and Hemminki Akseli *, Cancer-Targeted Oncolytic Adenoviruses for Modulation of the Immune System, Current Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 18 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009617666170502152352
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009617666170502152352 |
Print ISSN 1568-0096 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5576 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Cancer Biomarkers and Potential Drug Targets: From Diagnosis to Therapy
Cancer biomarkers play a crucial role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. They provide valuable information for cancer detection, risk assessment, treatment selection, and monitoring response to therapy. With advancements in molecular biology and high-throughput technologies, there has been an increasing interest in identifying and characterizing cancer biomarkers ...read more
Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Target Drug Resistant Tumors
With the development of disciplines such as chemical biology and molecular biology, the genes or proteins closely related to tumor occurrence and development have gradually become clear. Targeted therapies targeting these genes or proteins provide more effective methods for tumor treatment. Tumor targeted drugs generally only act on specific targets ...read more
ROLE OF IMMUNE AND GENOTOXIC RESPONSE BIOMARKERS IN TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Biological biomarkers have been used in medical research as an indicator of a normal or abnormal process inside the body, or of a disease. Nowadays, various researchers are in process to explore and investigate the biological markers for the early assessment of cancer. DNA Damage response (DDR) pathways and immune ...read more
Targeting the battlefield between host and tumor: basic research and clinical practice on reshaping tumor immune microenvironment
Immune system protects host against malignant tumors through effector cells and molecules. Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which either promotes or suppresses cancer progression. Chronic inflammation facilitates cancer progression and treatment resistance, whereas induction of acute inflammatory reactions often lead to anti-cancer immune responses. ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Discovery and Application of the Yoshida Effect: Nano-Sized Acicular Materials Enable Penetration of Bacterial Cells by Sliding Friction Force
Recent Patents on Biotechnology Liposomal Formulation of Monovalent Cholesteryl Cytofectins with Acyclic Head Groups and Gene Delivery: A Systematic Review
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Impaired Expression and Function of Signaling Pathway Enzymes by Anthocyanins: Role on Cancer Prevention and Progression
Current Enzyme Inhibition A Better Platinum-Based Anticancer Drug Yet to Come?
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Rational Design of Anticancer Platinum Complexes: The Importance of the Structure-Activity Relationship
Current Medicinal Chemistry Neuroprotective Effects of Melanocortins in CNS Injury
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Trends in Targeted Anticancer Prodrug and Conjugate Design
Current Medicinal Chemistry Epigenetic Modulation Using Small Molecules - Targeting Histone Acetyltransferases in Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Nanocarriers Assisted siRNA Gene Therapy for the Management of Cardiovascular Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression as an Anticancer Drug Target
Current Cancer Drug Targets The Osteopontin Tissue Level as a Breast Cancer Biomarker in Females After Mastectomy Measured by the Capillary Gel Electrophoresis Technique
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening High Therapeutic Potential for Systemic Delivery of a Liposomeconjugated Herpes Simplex Virus
Current Cancer Drug Targets Dyspnea in Cancer Patients: A Well-Known and Neglected Symptom
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Mapping the Technological Knowledge Landscape: The Case of Epigenetics
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Flavonoid-Based Cancer Therapy: An Updated Review
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Molecular Targets in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Treatment
Current Drug Targets Ewing Sarcoma Family Tumors: Past, Present and Future Prospects
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Clinical Trials with Oncolytic Measles Virus: Current Status and Future Prospects
Current Cancer Drug Targets ANTI-ADHESION Evolves To a Promising Therapeutic Concept in Oncology
Current Medicinal Chemistry TGF-beta Signaling in Cancer Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design