Title:Antioxidant Properties of Fractions for Unripe Fruits of Capsicum annuum L. var. Conoides
VOLUME: 17 ISSUE: 14
Author(s):Chung-Yi Chen, Ching-Yu Yen, Gao-Mai Shen, Tzu-Jung Yu, Yi-Shin Liao, Ru-In Jian, Sheng-Chieh Wang, Jen-Yang Tang* and Hsueh-Wei Chang*
Affiliation:Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
Keywords:Antioxidant, unripe fruits, Capsicum annuum, oral cancer, fractions, oral cancer cells.
Abstract:Background: Capsicum plant, especially for C. annuum, is an abundant resource for bioactive antioxidants,
but few studies have examined the unripe fruit part of the Capsicum plant.
Objective: MeOH extract of unripe fruits of C. annuum L. var. conoides (UFCA) was chromatographed over a
silica gel column using a gradient of CH2Cl2/MeOH as eluent to produce 9 fractions. Antioxidant activities are
evaluated along with cell viabilities of 9 fractions of UFCA.
Method: The antioxidant properties were analyzed in terms of total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content
(TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-
sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, ferric reducing, and ferrous ion-chelating ability. The cell viability of
human oral cancer cells (Ca9-22) was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-
(4-sulphophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay.
Results: Except for TFC, fractions (Frs.) 1 and 2 showed the lowest level of these antioxidant properties. Frs. 3
to 9 showed dose-responsive induction for antioxidant effects. Fr. 8 and Fr. 5 respectively showed the highest
levels of TPC and TFC for 1162 ± 11 gallic acid equivalents (GAE) (mg)/UFCA (g) and 1295 ± 32 quercetin
equivalents (QCE) (mg)/UFCA (g). The cell viability of Fr. 3 was moderately decreased (78.2%) while those of
Frs. 4, 5, and 9 were dramatically decreased (55.6, 57.8, and 46.8%, respectively) in oral cancer Ca9-22 cells.
UFCA-derived 14 compounds/mixtures derived from Frs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 displayed differential antioxidant
performance for these analyses.
Conclusion: Taken together, fractions of UFCA displayed diverse antioxidant and anticancer effects for oral
cancer cells. Some fractions of UFCA may be potent natural antioxidant supplements for antioral cancer cell
treatment.
