Abstract
Background: There are two types of antioxidants – high molecular weight antioxidants like glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and low molecular weight antioxidants like ascorbic acid, glutathione, uric acid, melatonin. Both types of antioxidants are necessary in the system keeping oxidative homeostasis and protecting against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
Objective: This review is focused on low molecular weight antioxidant assay which can serve as an important tool for various diagnoses since the antioxidant level corresponds with pathological states and can indicate oxidative stress. The assay of antioxidants is also a tool for food quality control because the antioxidant level is decreasing due to aging and poor storage conditions. Disparate protocols were established in order to judge antioxidant capacity.
Conclusion: In this review, spectrophotometric tests like 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) based assay (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), like ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), electrochemical assays and instrumental analyses are described and discussed. Survey of actual literature and principle of the analyses are provided as well.
Keywords: ABTS test, ascorbic acid, DPPH test, ferric reducing antioxidant power, flavonoid, FRAP, glutathione, oxidative stress.
Graphical Abstract
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances of Heterocyclic Chemistry with Pesticide Activity
Global food safety and security will continue to be a global concern for the next 50 years and beyond. Plant diseases have had a significant impact on food safety and security throughout the entire food chain, from primary production to consumption. While conventional chemical pesticides have been traditionally used for ...read more
Calculation design of covalent/metal organic framework based catalysts
This research area combines theoretical computation and screening with machine learning for the design of covalent/metal organic framework-based catalysts, bridging the disciplines of organic chemistry, physical chemistry, computational chemistry, materials science, and machine learning. It covers several critical aspects: designing and synthesizing organic catalysts for improved performance, applying computational methods ...read more
Carbohydrates conversion in biofuels and bioproducts
Biomass pretreatment, hydrolysis, and saccharification of carbohydrates, and sugars bioconversion in biofuels and bioproducts within a biorefinery framework. Carbohydrates derived from woody biomass, agricultural wastes, algae, sewage sludge, or any other lignocellulosic feedstock are included in this issue. Simulation, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle analysis of a biorefinery process are ...read more
Catalytic C-H bond activation as a tool for functionalization of heterocycles
The major topic is the functionalization of heterocycles through catalyzed C-H bond activation. The strategies based on C-H activation not only provide straightforward formation of C-C or C-X bonds but, more importantly, allow for the avoidance of pre-functionalization of one or two of the cross-coupling partners. The beneficial impact of ...read more
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