Title:A Glycation Angle to Look into the Diabetic Vasculopathy: Cause and Cure
VOLUME: 15 ISSUE: 4
Author(s):Saheem Ahmad*, Zeba Siddiqui, Shahnawaz Rehman, Mohd Yasir Khan, Hamda Khan, Sheeba Khanum, Sultan Alouffi and Mohd Saeed
Affiliation:Laboratory of Glycation Biology and Metabolic Disorders, IIRC-1, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P., Department of Bio-sciences, Integral University, Lucknow , UP, Department of Bio-sciences, Integral University, Lucknow , UP, Department of Bio-sciences, Integral University, Lucknow , UP, Department of Bio-sciences, Integral University, Lucknow , UP, Department of Bio-sciences, Integral University, Lucknow , UP, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail
Keywords:Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), receptor for AGEs (RAGEs), reactive oxygen species (ROS), glycoxidation,
diabetes, vascular complication.
Abstract:In diabetic patients, accelerated glycation process causes increased oxidative stress and
chronic hyperglycaemia that play a vital role in the diabetic complications. Extensive intracellular and
extracellular generation of these glycated products finally form advanced glycation end products
(AGEs). The accumulation of AGEs is related with the intensive risk for microvascular and macrovascular
injuries for diabetic patients. Therefore, formation of AGEs results from the condensation of reducing
sugars with biomolecules like nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids which potentially alter their
function. Effect of AGEs formation is also related with the cross-linking that promotes vascular stiffness
which modifies the vascular structure and long-life function of proteins. Formation of AGEs may also
activate specific receptors, like receptor for AGEs (RAGEs) that induce the intracellular signaling which
enhance the oxidative stress and also the amplification of key pro-sclerotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
From last few decades, a huge number of pre-clinical studies related with the AGEs formation in
the diabetic patients have been performed. The target for such trials was the formation and degradation
of AGEs, and its interaction with RAGEs. This review focuses on the mechanism how these AGEs exert
detrimental nuisance in the diabetes, as well as deal with existing strategies to disrupt the action or formation
of AGEs. Therefore, the unseen role of both the early and advanced stage glycation in the diabetic
Vasculopathy is described. We have also illustrated how the glycation inhibition results in the
delay of the development of vascular complications in diabetic patients.
