Abstract
Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels are predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hyperhomocysteinemia has also been associated with total and CVD mortality. However, whether Hcy is just a marker or plays a causal role in CVD remains to be elucidated. In this narrative review, we discuss the associations between Hcy and non-cardiac vascular diseases, namely stroke, peripheral artery disease (PAD), carotid artery disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and erectile dysfunction (ED). The effects of several drugs on Hcy levels are also considered.
Folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 supplementation can significantly decrease circulating Hcy concentrations but their effects on CVD risk reduction are conflicting. No current guidelines recommend the routine screening of Hcy levels in patients with non-cardiac vascular diseases. Therefore, further research is needed to elucidate the use of Hcy in the clinical practice.Keywords: Homocysteine, stroke, peripheral artery disease, carotid artery disease, chronic kidney disease, erectile dysfunction, vitamin B.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Homocysteine and Non-Cardiac Vascular Disease
Volume: 23 Issue: 22
Author(s): Niki Katsiki, Pablo Perez-Martinez and Dimitri P. Mikhailidis*
Affiliation:
- Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), Pond Street, London NW3 2QG,United Kingdom
Keywords: Homocysteine, stroke, peripheral artery disease, carotid artery disease, chronic kidney disease, erectile dysfunction, vitamin B.
Abstract: Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels are predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hyperhomocysteinemia has also been associated with total and CVD mortality. However, whether Hcy is just a marker or plays a causal role in CVD remains to be elucidated. In this narrative review, we discuss the associations between Hcy and non-cardiac vascular diseases, namely stroke, peripheral artery disease (PAD), carotid artery disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and erectile dysfunction (ED). The effects of several drugs on Hcy levels are also considered.
Folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 supplementation can significantly decrease circulating Hcy concentrations but their effects on CVD risk reduction are conflicting. No current guidelines recommend the routine screening of Hcy levels in patients with non-cardiac vascular diseases. Therefore, further research is needed to elucidate the use of Hcy in the clinical practice.Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Katsiki Niki , Perez-Martinez Pablo and Mikhailidis P. Dimitri *, Homocysteine and Non-Cardiac Vascular Disease, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2017; 23 (22) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170317124913
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170317124913 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Clinical Applicability of Conditioning Techniques in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Review of the Literature
Current Cardiology Reviews Contribution and Value of Biomarkers in Acute Aortic Syndromes
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Mast Cells in Allergic and Inflammatory Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Therapeutic Target of Cerebral Hemorrhagic Stroke: Matrix Metalloproteinase- 9
Current Drug Targets Drug Eluting Stents and Beyond
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic Interventions to Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, and Vascular Redox State
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Clinical Studies with Paclitaxel - Eluting Stent Systems
Current Pharmaceutical Design Contrast Enhanced Sonography for Diagnosis of (Peri-) Splenic Pathology
Current Medical Imaging Safety Analysis and Improved Cardiac Function Following Local Autologous Transplantation of CD133+ Enriched Bone Marrow Cells After Myocardial Infarction
Current Neurovascular Research Serum Calprotectin as a Novel Biomarker in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Pathogenesis and Progression: Preliminary Data from Experimental Model in Rats
Current Vascular Pharmacology A Blood Vessel Deformation Model Based Virtual-reality Simulator for the Robotic Catheter Operating System
Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Review of Some Recent Patents on the Large-Eddy Simulation Technique in Turbulence
Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering Gender as a Regulator of Atherosclerosis in Murine Models
Current Drug Targets The Challenges of Blood Pressure Control in Dialysis Patients
Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Neuroimaging of Non-Accidental Injury
Current Pediatric Reviews Distribution of Left Ventricular Thrombus among Patients with Significantly Impaired Systolic Function
New Emirates Medical Journal A Clinical Perspective of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors in Metabolic and Related Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Molecular Pharmacology Immune-Mediated Mechanisms in Atherosclerosis: Prevention and Treatment of Clinical Manifestations
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cardiac Remodeling Induced by Smoking: Concepts, Relevance, and Potential Mechanisms
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Inflammatory Events Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
Current Neuropharmacology