Abstract
Exposure of the organism to a hostile stimulus results in a series of coordinated reactions that aim to avoid the aversive effect and maintain or restore homeostasis of the organism. In response to noxious stimuli corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), the primary mediator of stress responses is released from the paraventricular nucleus resulting in activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and coordination of the endocrine, autonomic, behavioral and immune responses to stress. Several other neuropeptides, released in a coordinated way are also involved in the regulation of the stress response. However, besides the development of adaptive physiological, beneficial reactions, pathological, non-desired somatic and psychic responses can also develop, among others: gastric mucosal damage, erosion and ulceration. The mechanism of stress-related gastric mucosal injury is not fully understood; both mucosal injurious and protective mechanisms are activated in response to stress. Decreased mucosal circulation due to redistribution of blood flow from the visceral region toward the vital organs seems to be the primary mechanism of gastric mucosal damage. Mucosal hypoperfusion can result in mucosal ischemia, free radical formation and gastric hypomotiliy. On the other hand, several stressrelated neuropeptides, such as CRF, SP, N/OFQ, opioids, oxytocin and prolactin have been reported to inhibit the stress- and other ulcerogenic stimulus-induced mucosal lesions independently on their effect on other stressrelated symptoms. Consequently, neuropeptides released during stress, besides their numerous physiological and pathophysiological functions, may initiate adaptive mechanisms as well as counteract the stress-induced gastric mucosal injury.
Keywords: Stress, neuropeptides, gastric mucosal lesions, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, mucosal circulation.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Stress, Neuropeptides and Gastric Mucosa
Volume: 23 Issue: 27
Author(s): Klara Gyires* Agnes Feher
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4., 1089, Budapest,Hungary
Keywords: Stress, neuropeptides, gastric mucosal lesions, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, mucosal circulation.
Abstract: Exposure of the organism to a hostile stimulus results in a series of coordinated reactions that aim to avoid the aversive effect and maintain or restore homeostasis of the organism. In response to noxious stimuli corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), the primary mediator of stress responses is released from the paraventricular nucleus resulting in activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and coordination of the endocrine, autonomic, behavioral and immune responses to stress. Several other neuropeptides, released in a coordinated way are also involved in the regulation of the stress response. However, besides the development of adaptive physiological, beneficial reactions, pathological, non-desired somatic and psychic responses can also develop, among others: gastric mucosal damage, erosion and ulceration. The mechanism of stress-related gastric mucosal injury is not fully understood; both mucosal injurious and protective mechanisms are activated in response to stress. Decreased mucosal circulation due to redistribution of blood flow from the visceral region toward the vital organs seems to be the primary mechanism of gastric mucosal damage. Mucosal hypoperfusion can result in mucosal ischemia, free radical formation and gastric hypomotiliy. On the other hand, several stressrelated neuropeptides, such as CRF, SP, N/OFQ, opioids, oxytocin and prolactin have been reported to inhibit the stress- and other ulcerogenic stimulus-induced mucosal lesions independently on their effect on other stressrelated symptoms. Consequently, neuropeptides released during stress, besides their numerous physiological and pathophysiological functions, may initiate adaptive mechanisms as well as counteract the stress-induced gastric mucosal injury.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gyires Klara *, Feher Agnes , Stress, Neuropeptides and Gastric Mucosa, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2017; 23 (27) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666161118144216
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666161118144216 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Drug Targeting to the Brain - A Review
Current Nanoscience Tissular Senescence and Modifications of Oral Ecosystem in the Elderly: Risk Factors for Mucosal Pathologies
Current Aging Science Diabetes-induced Epigenetic Signature in Vascular Cells
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets History and Evolution of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Guidelines
Current Pharmaceutical Design Toxicities of Targeted Agents in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Current Clinical Pharmacology The Co-Existence of NASH and Chronic Kidney Disease Boosts Cardiovascular Risk: Are there any Common Therapeutic Options?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Signal Transduction Inhibitors in the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents The Interactions of Anti-Cancer Drugs Approved in the Last Decade in the United States with Membrane Transporters
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Emerging Alternative Functions for the Auxiliary Subunits of the Voltage- Gated Calcium Channels
Current Molecular Pharmacology Cancer Therapy: Targeting Mitochondria and other Sub-cellular Organelles
Current Pharmaceutical Design Fabrication of Electrochemical Sensor for Epinine Determination Amplified with MgO/CNTs Nanocomposite and Ionic Liquid
Current Analytical Chemistry Innovative Strategy in Treating Angina Pectoris with Chinese Patent Medicines by Promoting Blood Circulation and Removing Blood Stasis: Experience from Combination Therapy in Chinese Medicine
Current Vascular Pharmacology HDL and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis
Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders The Impact of Pregnancy and Parity on Type 1 Diabetes Complications
Current Diabetes Reviews Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Plant-derived Products
Current Cancer Drug Targets Pharmacogenetics in Affective Disorders: A Drug Response Approach
Current Pharmacogenomics Transient Responses Via Regulation of mRNA Stability as an Immunological Strategy for Countering Infectious Diseases
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Identification of a Cell-Bound Extracellular Protease Overproduced by Sulfolobus solfataricus in Peptide-Rich Media
Protein & Peptide Letters Protective Effects of <i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i> and Its Constituent Compound Dehydroeburicoic Acid 32 Against Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Current Molecular Pharmacology Cloning and Expression of a New Rat Procarboxypeptidase B Gene in Escherichia Coli and Purification of Recombination Carboxypeptidase B
Protein & Peptide Letters