Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. Despite advances in early detection and treatment, it has the second highest mortality rate after lung cancer. Around 85% of breast carcinomas are ER+; thus, antiestrogens like tamoxifen are beneficial. Although, tamoxifen is useful for many patients, a number of patients respond poorly to initial therapy or recurrence occurs in about 30% of cases, because tamoxifen resistance happens.
Drug resistance remains a major clinical obstacle to successful treatment of breast cancer and more than 90% of unsuccessful treatments are because of acquired resistance and MultiDrug Resistance (MDR) is a major contributor. MicroRNAs are members of a novel class of short noncoding RNAs. Besides their various roles in gene expression, miRNAs are considered as important cancer therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Since 2005, when miRNA deregulation was first reported in breast cancer, more than 1000 reports have been published about miRNAs. Increasing number of studies showed the importance of miRNAs in antiestrogen therapy, especially on tamoxifen; thus, it is not surprising that these tiny molecules are involved in drug resistance. Due to the pivotal role of these known RNA molecules, in this review, we tried to illustrate the importance of the miRNAs as a new player in breast cancer pathogenesis. We have also focused on cancer drug resistance mechanisms highlighting the role of important oncomirs, miR 221/222, involved in cell cycle deregulation in breast cancer. The relationship between these oncomiRs with resistance to tamoxifen is also emphasized.Keywords: MicroRNAs, Breast cancer, Multidrug resistance, MiR 221/222, Tamoxifen resistance.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:MiR 221/222 as New Players in Tamoxifen Resistance
Volume: 22 Issue: 46
Author(s): Nafiseh Sadat Alamolhodaei, Javad Behravan, Fatemeh Mosaffa and Gholamreza Karimi
Affiliation:
Keywords: MicroRNAs, Breast cancer, Multidrug resistance, MiR 221/222, Tamoxifen resistance.
Abstract: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. Despite advances in early detection and treatment, it has the second highest mortality rate after lung cancer. Around 85% of breast carcinomas are ER+; thus, antiestrogens like tamoxifen are beneficial. Although, tamoxifen is useful for many patients, a number of patients respond poorly to initial therapy or recurrence occurs in about 30% of cases, because tamoxifen resistance happens.
Drug resistance remains a major clinical obstacle to successful treatment of breast cancer and more than 90% of unsuccessful treatments are because of acquired resistance and MultiDrug Resistance (MDR) is a major contributor. MicroRNAs are members of a novel class of short noncoding RNAs. Besides their various roles in gene expression, miRNAs are considered as important cancer therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Since 2005, when miRNA deregulation was first reported in breast cancer, more than 1000 reports have been published about miRNAs. Increasing number of studies showed the importance of miRNAs in antiestrogen therapy, especially on tamoxifen; thus, it is not surprising that these tiny molecules are involved in drug resistance. Due to the pivotal role of these known RNA molecules, in this review, we tried to illustrate the importance of the miRNAs as a new player in breast cancer pathogenesis. We have also focused on cancer drug resistance mechanisms highlighting the role of important oncomirs, miR 221/222, involved in cell cycle deregulation in breast cancer. The relationship between these oncomiRs with resistance to tamoxifen is also emphasized.Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Alamolhodaei Sadat Nafiseh, Behravan Javad, Mosaffa Fatemeh and Karimi Gholamreza, MiR 221/222 as New Players in Tamoxifen Resistance, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2016; 22 (46) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666161102100211
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666161102100211 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Molecular Insight and Binding Pattern Analysis of Shikonin as a Potential VEGFR-2 Inhibitor
Current Enzyme Inhibition New Insights in Mast Cell Modulation by Palmitoylethanolamide
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Computational Bioactivity Analysis and Bioisosteric Investigation of the Approved Breast Cancer Drugs Proposed New Design Drug Compounds: Increased Bioactivity Coming with Silicon and Boron
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Preliminary Analysis of Anti-proliferative, Apoptotic, and Anti-migratory Effects llw-3-6 in Skov-3 Ovarian Cystadenocarcinoma Cell Line
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Oxycodone/Naloxone in the Management of Patients with Pain and Opioid–Induced Bowel Dysfunction
Current Drug Targets Withdrawal Notice: Drug Repurposing for Prospective Anti-Cancer Agents Along with the Clinical Status of the Repurposed Drug
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Overview of Flaxseed Patent Applications for the Reduction of Cholesterol Levels
Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture Anti-inflammatory and Antitumor Properties of Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl: Mini-Review
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Current State of Development of Genome Analysis in Livestock
Current Genomics Toll-Like Receptors: Cost or Benefit for Cancer?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Use of Trastuzumab for Breast Cancer: The Role of Age
Current Pharmaceutical Design Dual Function of Nitric Oxide in Carcinogenesis, Reappraisal
Current Drug Metabolism Phenothiazines and Related Drugs as Multi Drug Resistance Reversal Agents in Cancer Chemotherapy Mediated by p-glycoprotein
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Posttranscriptional Regulation of p53 and its Targets by RNABinding Proteins
Current Molecular Medicine Preclinical and Clinical Efficacy of the Bisphosphonate Ibandronate in Cancer Treatment
Current Clinical Pharmacology Pain Alleviation in Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Allergic Conditions
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Preclinical Development of New Therapy for Glycogen Storage Diseases
Current Gene Therapy Antioxidant Supplements, Genetics and Chemotherapy Outcomes
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Asymmetric Dimethylarginine: a Key Player in the Pathophysiology of Endothelial Dysfunction, Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Current Pharmaceutical Design