Title:Anti-HIV Factors: Targeting Each Step of HIV’s Replication Cycle
VOLUME: 14 ISSUE: 3
Author(s):Marta Colomer-Lluch, Lauren S. Gollahon and Ruth Serra-Moreno
Affiliation:Biological Sciences. Texas Tech University, 8th and Canton Ave. Experimental Sciences Building Room 113, Box 43131. Lubbock, Texas 79409-3131, USA
Keywords:Antiviral factors, TRIM5, SAMHD-1, APOBEC3G, Mx2, BST-2, Tetherin, and BCA2.
Abstract:Background: Similar to other animal viruses, HIV-1 relies on the contributions of the
cellular machinery to ensure efficient virus propagation. However, human cells have evolved refined
mechanisms to block key steps of the virus life-cycle, thereby suppressing viral replication. These
cellular proteins are generally known as restriction factors, and they provide an early antiviral defense.
So far, five potent restriction factors have been shown to effectively block HIV and/or SIV replication.
These are TRIM5 proteins, SAMHD-1, members of the APOBEC3 (A3) family, Mx2 and
Tetherin/BST-2.
Results: Here, we review the antiviral mechanisms of these and other antiviral factors, their interaction
with the innate immune responses, and how their functions might be exploited to clear and prevent HIV infection.
Conclusion: Since the majority of vaccine approaches against HIV have failed so far, it is imperative to start looking at
alternative strategies for vaccine and therapy development. By better understanding how HIV hijacks the cellular
machinery for its own benefit in completing its life-cycle, and how the virus adapts to circumvent our intrinsic immunity,
we will be better equipped to design compounds that specifically interrupt virus replication and spread.
