Title:Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis Activity of Calophyllum brasiliense Extracts Obtained by Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Conventional Techniques
VOLUME: 17 ISSUE: 6
Author(s):Claudia T.A. Pires, Regiane B. de L. Scodro, Mislaine A. Brenzan, Diógenes A.G. Cortez, Vera L.D. Siqueira, Lúcio Cardozo-Filho, Renata M. Goncalves, Katiany R. Caleffi-Ferracioli and Rosilene F. Cardoso
Affiliation:Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa. Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil.
Keywords:Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Calophyllum brasiliense, supercritical fluid extraction, cytotoxicity, coumarin,
HPLC.
Abstract:The conventional techniques used to extract natural products have many disadvantages, and
alternative methods have been used, such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE-CO2). We compared
the anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity and cytotoxicity of extracts and major pure compounds were obtained from
the leaves of Calophyllum brasiliense by SFE-CO2, maceration and Soxhlet. Anti-M tuberculosis activity was evaluated
by resazurin microtiter assay plate and cytotoxicity assay was performed using 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl
tetrazolium bromide. The (-) mammea A/BB, (-) mammea B/BB, mammea B/BB cyclo D, ponnalide, mammea A/BA cyclo
D, and amentoflavone were identified as the majority compounds. SFE-CO2, especially at 313 K and 10.92 MPa
showed better yield for (-) mammea A/BB. Anti-M. tuberculosis activity (62.5 μg/mL) and cytotoxicity (Selectivity Index
= 0.320-0.576) were similar for the three extracts. Mammea B/BB cyclo D had a minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) of 125 μg/mL, and ponnalide and mammea A/BA cyclo D had MICs > 250 μg/mL. The pure compounds isolated
showed low Selectivity Index (< 0.09). SFE-CO2 may be more promising than conventional methods for the extraction of
compound (-) mammea A/BB, which presented the best anti-M. tuberculosis activity in our previous study. This is important
for current industrial requirements to obtain extracts from medicinal plants using clean technologies.
