Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer for man with a high mortality rate due to a lack of non-invasive accurate and sensitive molecular diagnostic methods. The molecular imaging of cancer biomarkers using MRI with its spatial and temporal resolution, however, is largely limited by the lack of contrast agents with high sensitivity, targeting specificity and deep tumor penetration. In this review, we will first overview the current stage of prostate cancer diagnosis and then review prostate cancer biomarkers and related imaging techniques. Since biomarker targeting moieties are essential for molecular imaging, we will use prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as an example to discuss different methods to characterize the interaction between biomarker and targeting moieties. At the end, we will review current progress of the development of targeted protein-based MRI contrast agents (ProCAs) for prostate cancer biomarkers with improved relaxivity and targeting capability.
Keywords: Molecular imaging, protein-based MRI contrast agents, GRPR, PSMA, biomarkers.
Current Protein & Peptide Science
Title:Towards the Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer Biomarkers Using Protein-based MRI Contrast Agents
Volume: 17 Issue: 6
Author(s): Fan Pu, Shenghui Xue, Jingjuan Qiao, Anvi Patel and Jenny J. Yang
Affiliation:
Keywords: Molecular imaging, protein-based MRI contrast agents, GRPR, PSMA, biomarkers.
Abstract: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer for man with a high mortality rate due to a lack of non-invasive accurate and sensitive molecular diagnostic methods. The molecular imaging of cancer biomarkers using MRI with its spatial and temporal resolution, however, is largely limited by the lack of contrast agents with high sensitivity, targeting specificity and deep tumor penetration. In this review, we will first overview the current stage of prostate cancer diagnosis and then review prostate cancer biomarkers and related imaging techniques. Since biomarker targeting moieties are essential for molecular imaging, we will use prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as an example to discuss different methods to characterize the interaction between biomarker and targeting moieties. At the end, we will review current progress of the development of targeted protein-based MRI contrast agents (ProCAs) for prostate cancer biomarkers with improved relaxivity and targeting capability.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Pu Fan, Xue Shenghui, Qiao Jingjuan, Patel Anvi and Yang J. Jenny, Towards the Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer Biomarkers Using Protein-based MRI Contrast Agents, Current Protein & Peptide Science 2016; 17 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203717666160101123725
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203717666160101123725 |
Print ISSN 1389-2037 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5550 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in Proteomic and Peptidomic Approaches in Cancer Immunotherapy: Unveiling the Immune Microenvironment
The scope of this thematic issue centers on the integration of proteomic and peptidomic technologies into the field of cancer immunotherapy, with a particular emphasis on exploring the tumor immune microenvironment. This issue aims to gather contributions that illustrate the application of these advanced methodologies in unveiling the complex interplay ...read more
Artificial Intelligence for Protein Research
Protein research, essential for understanding biological processes and creating therapeutics, faces challenges due to the intricate nature of protein structures and functions. Traditional methods are limited in exploring the vast protein sequence space efficiently. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer promising solutions by improving predictions and speeding up ...read more
Nutrition and Metabolism in Musculoskeletal Diseases
The musculoskeletal system consists mainly of cartilage, bone, muscles, tendons, connective tissue and ligaments. Balanced metabolism is of vital importance for the homeostasis of the musculoskeletal system. A series of musculoskeletal diseases (for example, sarcopenia, osteoporosis) are resulted from the dysregulated metabolism of the musculoskeletal system. Furthermore, metabolic diseases (such ...read more
Protein Folding, Aggregation and Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation
Protein folding, misfolding and aggregation remain one of the main problems of interdisciplinary science not only because many questions are still open, but also because they are important from the point of view of practical application. Protein aggregation and formation of fibrillar structures, for example, is a hallmark of a ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Driving Cellular Plasticity and Survival Through the Signal Transduction Pathways of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
Current Neurovascular Research Nonviral Gene Therapy
Current Gene Therapy Emerging Role of Mucins in Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
Current Cancer Drug Targets Medication Conveyance Through Nose: Factors Affecting and Novel Applications
Drug Delivery Letters CypA: A Potential Target of Tumor Radiotherapy and/or Chemotherapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry Recent Developments in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) Driven by Nanotechnology
Current Chemical Biology Patent Selections:
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Bone Metastasis: Molecular Mechanisms Implicated in Tumour Cell Dormancy in Breast and Prostate Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets Current Challenges and Implications of Proteogenomic Approaches in Prostate Cancer
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 3D-QSAR (CoMFA, CoMSIA) and Molecular Docking Studies on Histone Deacetylase 1 Selective Inhibitors
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21CDKN1A as a Target of Anti-Cancer Drugs
Current Cancer Drug Targets Exosomal microRNAs as Potentially Useful Tools in Cancer Biomarker Discovery
Recent Patents on Biomarkers Models of Antigen Receptor Activation in the Design of Vaccines
Current Pharmaceutical Design Clomiphene for the Treatment of Male Infertility: A Case Report of Mood Change and a Literature Overview
Current Drug Safety Biosynthesis of Selenium Nanoparticle by Whole Cells of Saccharomyces boulardii and its Evaluation as Anticancer Agent
Current Nanoscience In Vitro Metabolism of Phenstatin: Potential Pharmacological Consequences
Drug Metabolism Letters 3D-QSAR Modeling of Non-peptide Antagonists for the Human Luteinizing Hormone-releasing Hormone Receptor
Medicinal Chemistry Recent Developments of Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitors as Anti-Cancer Agents
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Signal Transduction Modulators and Therapeutical Agents in Cancer
Current Signal Transduction Therapy microRNA, Cancer and Cancer Chemoprevention
Current Molecular Pharmacology