Title:Solid Matrix Based Lipidic Nanoparticles in Oral Cancer Chemotherapy: Applications and Pharmacokinetics
VOLUME: 16 ISSUE: 8
Author(s):Javed Ahmad, Saima Amin, Mahfoozur Rahman, Rehan Abdur Rub, Madhur Singhal, Mohammad Zaki Ahmad, Ziyaur Rahman, Richard T. Addo, Farhan Jalees Ahmad, Gohar Mushtaq, Mohammad Amjad Kamal and Sohail Akhter
Affiliation:Nanomedicine Research Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
Keywords:Cancer, lipid nanoparticles, metabolism, multidrug efflux transporter, nano lipid–drug conjugates, nanostructured lipid carriers,
oral chemotherapy, solid lipid nanoparticle.
Abstract:Chemotherapeutic delivery by oral route in cancer patients has the potential to create “hospitalization
free chemotherapy” which is a vision of oncologists, formulation scientists and patients. Such a therapeutic approach will improve patients’
compliance, ease the burden of the patients’ caregivers and significantly reduce the cost of treatment. In current clinical practice,
chemotherapy carried out by intravenous injection or infusion leads to undesired side-effects such as plasma concentrations crossing the
maximum safe concentration, rapid body clearance and lower bioavailability. Despite the presence of challenges such as poor aqueous
solubility and stability of drugs and the presence of biological barriers like multidrug efflux transporter in the GI tract, oral cancer chemotherapy
has the potential to surmount those obstacles. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) such as solid lipid nanoparticle, nanostructured lipid
carriers, nano lipid–drug conjugates, mixed micelles, liposomes and nanoemulsions have shown some promising results for use in oral
anticancer drug delivery through nanotechnological approach. LNPs demonstrate enhanced oral bioavailability owing to their ability to
inhibit first pass metabolism via lymphatic absorption by chylomicron-linked and/or M-cell uptake. LNPs reduce the inter- and intrasubject
pharmacokinetics variability of administrated drugs. Moreover, certain classes of phospholipids and surfactants used in the formulations
of LNPs can suppress the P-glycoprotein efflux system. Here, we shall be discussing the biopharmaceutical challenges in oral
cancer chemotherapy and how the LNPs may provide solutions to such challenges. The effect of GI tract environment on LNPs and
pharmacokinetics shall also be discussed.
