Abstract
Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG) is a biological substance that plays important roles in cell metabolism and physiology. AKG is synthesized from glucose or oxaloacetate plus pyruvate. As an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, AKG is essential for the oxidation of fatty acids, amino acids, and glucose. Extracellular AKG is a significant source of energy for cells of the gastrointestinal tract. As a precursor for the synthesis of glutamate and glutamine in multiple tissues (including liver, skeletal muscle, heart, brain, and white adipose tissue), AKG bridges carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism for both conservation of amino acids and ammonia detoxification. Additionally, emerging evidence shows that AKG is a regulator of gene expression and cell signaling pathways (including the mammalian target of rapamycin and AMPactivated protein kinase). Thus, AKG is an attractive dietary supplement in animal and human nutrition to improve cellular energy status, immunity, and health.
Keywords: alpha-Ketoglutarate, glutamate, glutamine, nutrition, physiological, protein synthesis.
Current Protein & Peptide Science
Title:The Physiological Basis and Nutritional Function of Alpha-ketoglutarate
Volume: 16 Issue: 7
Author(s): Liuqin He, Zhiqi Xu, Kang Yao, Guoao Wu, Yulong Yin, Clares M. Nyachoti and Sung Woo Kim
Affiliation:
Keywords: alpha-Ketoglutarate, glutamate, glutamine, nutrition, physiological, protein synthesis.
Abstract: Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG) is a biological substance that plays important roles in cell metabolism and physiology. AKG is synthesized from glucose or oxaloacetate plus pyruvate. As an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, AKG is essential for the oxidation of fatty acids, amino acids, and glucose. Extracellular AKG is a significant source of energy for cells of the gastrointestinal tract. As a precursor for the synthesis of glutamate and glutamine in multiple tissues (including liver, skeletal muscle, heart, brain, and white adipose tissue), AKG bridges carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism for both conservation of amino acids and ammonia detoxification. Additionally, emerging evidence shows that AKG is a regulator of gene expression and cell signaling pathways (including the mammalian target of rapamycin and AMPactivated protein kinase). Thus, AKG is an attractive dietary supplement in animal and human nutrition to improve cellular energy status, immunity, and health.
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Cite this article as:
He Liuqin, Xu Zhiqi, Yao Kang, Wu Guoao, Yin Yulong, M. Nyachoti Clares and Woo Kim Sung, The Physiological Basis and Nutritional Function of Alpha-ketoglutarate, Current Protein & Peptide Science 2015; 16 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203716666150630140157
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203716666150630140157 |
Print ISSN 1389-2037 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5550 |
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