Abstract
Topical administration is an appealing method for drug delivery due to its non-invasiveness, selfcontrolled application, avoidance of first-pass metabolism in the liver and reduction of systemic side effects compared to other conventional routes such as oral and parenteral. However, topical administration must overcome the permeable barriers that skin and mucosa represent for the drug to achieve its desired therapeutic effect.
Penetration of drugs through human skin is mainly impaired by the stratum corneum— the uppermost keratinized skin layer. In contrast, the stratified squamous epithelium (a nonkeratinized tissue) represents the major physical barrier for transbuccal drug administration in humans.
Different technologies have been studied to enhance the bioavailability or local effects of drugs administered through skin and buccal mucosa. Those technologies involve the use of physical or chemical enhancers and new dosage forms such as vesicles, cyclodextrins, nanoparticles and other complex systems. Combinations of these technologies may further increase drug delivery in some cases.
As analgesia is one of the main therapeutic effects sought through topical administration, this paper focuses on the review of drug delivery systems to improve the topical and transdermal/transbuccal drug delivery of substances with known analgesic action. A discussion of their possibilities and limitations is also included.
Keywords: Analgesia, drug delivery systems, mucosa, permeation enhancement, skin, transbuccal drug delivery, transdermal drug delivery.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Enhancing Topical Analgesic Administration: Review and Prospect for Transdermal and Transbuccal Drug Delivery Systems
Volume: 21 Issue: 20
Author(s): Roser Sanz, Ana C. Calpena, Mireia Mallandrich and Beatriz Clares
Affiliation:
Keywords: Analgesia, drug delivery systems, mucosa, permeation enhancement, skin, transbuccal drug delivery, transdermal drug delivery.
Abstract: Topical administration is an appealing method for drug delivery due to its non-invasiveness, selfcontrolled application, avoidance of first-pass metabolism in the liver and reduction of systemic side effects compared to other conventional routes such as oral and parenteral. However, topical administration must overcome the permeable barriers that skin and mucosa represent for the drug to achieve its desired therapeutic effect.
Penetration of drugs through human skin is mainly impaired by the stratum corneum— the uppermost keratinized skin layer. In contrast, the stratified squamous epithelium (a nonkeratinized tissue) represents the major physical barrier for transbuccal drug administration in humans.
Different technologies have been studied to enhance the bioavailability or local effects of drugs administered through skin and buccal mucosa. Those technologies involve the use of physical or chemical enhancers and new dosage forms such as vesicles, cyclodextrins, nanoparticles and other complex systems. Combinations of these technologies may further increase drug delivery in some cases.
As analgesia is one of the main therapeutic effects sought through topical administration, this paper focuses on the review of drug delivery systems to improve the topical and transdermal/transbuccal drug delivery of substances with known analgesic action. A discussion of their possibilities and limitations is also included.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Sanz Roser, Calpena C. Ana, Mallandrich Mireia and Clares Beatriz, Enhancing Topical Analgesic Administration: Review and Prospect for Transdermal and Transbuccal Drug Delivery Systems, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2015; 21 (20) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612821666150428145627
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612821666150428145627 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Epigenetic control of cardiovascular health by nutritional polyphenols involves multiple chromatin-modifying writer-reader-eraser proteins
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Plasma Protein Binding in Drug Discovery and Development
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Stability Indicating Spectrofluorimetric Analysis of Metopimazine by Signal Enhanced - Partial Least Squares Chemometric Models: A Comparative Study
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Natural Alkaloids and Diabetes Mellitus: A Review
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Colorectal Cancer Microenvironment: Among Nutrition, Gut Microbiota, Inflammation and Epigenetics
Current Pharmaceutical Design Is Formaldehyde the Missing Link in AD Pathology? The Differential Aggregation of Amyloid-Beta with APOE Isoforms In Vitro
Current Alzheimer Research Cratylia mollis Lectin: A Versatile Tool for Biomedical Studies
Current Bioactive Compounds Targeting 5-Lipoxygenase for Prevention and Treatment of Cancer
Current Enzyme Inhibition Steroid Regulation of Drug-Metabolizing Cytochromes P450
Current Drug Metabolism Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Aloe Vera Collected from Different Climatic Regions of India
The Natural Products Journal Oxidative Stress: Major Threat in Traumatic Brain Injury
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets In Silico Classification and Prediction of VIP Derivatives as VPAC1/ VPAC2 Receptor Agonists/Antagonists
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Preliminary Study on the Mechanism of Carvacrol Regulating Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Network Pharmacology
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Analysis of Biological Macromolecular Assemblies Using Static Light Scattering Methods
Current Organic Chemistry Novel Molecular Targets and Mechanisms Involved in the Invasion and Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer
Clinical Cancer Drugs Progress in Nutritional and Health Profile of Milk and Dairy Products: A Novel Drug Target
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets GSK-3 Inhibitors in the Regulation and Control of Colon Carcinoma
Current Drug Targets Exfoliated Epithelial Cells: A Non-Invasive way to Evaluate the Physiological State of Gastrointestinal Epithelium
Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Psilocybin-Occasioned Mystical Experiences in the Treatment of Tobacco Addiction
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Feature Classification and Analysis of Lung Cancer Related Genes through Gene Ontology and KEGG Pathways
Current Bioinformatics