Abstract
Substantial amount of research has been done in recent decades for the development of nanoparticle systems to selectively deliver drugs to cancer cells for concurrently enhancing and reducing anti-cancer and off-target effects, respectively. pH-sensitive carbonate apatite (CA) was originally developed for efficient and targeted delivery of DNA, siRNA and proteins to various cancer cell lines. Recently, the CA particles were employed to deliver anti-cancer drugs, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and methotrexate to cancer cells. Here, we report on the fabrication and characterization of gemcitabine- loaded CA particles, followed by the evaluation of their roles in enhancement of cytotoxicity in two human and one murine breast cancer cell lines. HPLC was performed to measure binding efficiency of the drug to the apatite particles whereas particle size and zeta potential were evaluated to characterize drug/apatite complex. Depending on the initial doses of the drug, its bind binding affinity towards the particles varied from 3.85% to 4.45%. The particle size was found to surprisingly decrease with an increase of the initial drug concentration. In vitro chemosensitivity assay revealed that apatite/drug nanoparticle complexes presented significantly higher cytotoxicity to breast cancer cells compared to free drugs, which could be correlated with the enhanced cellular uptake of the small size drug-loaded particles through endocytosis compared to the passive diffusion of the free drug.
Keywords: Anti-cancer drug, carbonate apatite, gemcitabine, nanoparticles, particle size, zeta potential.
Current Drug Delivery
Title:Gemcitabine Interacts with Carbonate Apatite with Concomitant Reduction in Particle Diameter and Enhancement of Cytotoxicity in Breast Cancer Cells
Volume: 12 Issue: 3
Author(s): Fitya S. Mozar and Ezharul H. Chowdhury
Affiliation:
Keywords: Anti-cancer drug, carbonate apatite, gemcitabine, nanoparticles, particle size, zeta potential.
Abstract: Substantial amount of research has been done in recent decades for the development of nanoparticle systems to selectively deliver drugs to cancer cells for concurrently enhancing and reducing anti-cancer and off-target effects, respectively. pH-sensitive carbonate apatite (CA) was originally developed for efficient and targeted delivery of DNA, siRNA and proteins to various cancer cell lines. Recently, the CA particles were employed to deliver anti-cancer drugs, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and methotrexate to cancer cells. Here, we report on the fabrication and characterization of gemcitabine- loaded CA particles, followed by the evaluation of their roles in enhancement of cytotoxicity in two human and one murine breast cancer cell lines. HPLC was performed to measure binding efficiency of the drug to the apatite particles whereas particle size and zeta potential were evaluated to characterize drug/apatite complex. Depending on the initial doses of the drug, its bind binding affinity towards the particles varied from 3.85% to 4.45%. The particle size was found to surprisingly decrease with an increase of the initial drug concentration. In vitro chemosensitivity assay revealed that apatite/drug nanoparticle complexes presented significantly higher cytotoxicity to breast cancer cells compared to free drugs, which could be correlated with the enhanced cellular uptake of the small size drug-loaded particles through endocytosis compared to the passive diffusion of the free drug.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Mozar S. Fitya and Chowdhury H. Ezharul, Gemcitabine Interacts with Carbonate Apatite with Concomitant Reduction in Particle Diameter and Enhancement of Cytotoxicity in Breast Cancer Cells, Current Drug Delivery 2015; 12 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567201812666150120153809
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567201812666150120153809 |
Print ISSN 1567-2018 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5704 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances of natural products, bio-actives and novel drug delivery system against emerging viral infections
Due to the increasing prevalence of viral infections and the ability of these human pathogens to develop resistance to current treatment strategies, there is a great need to find and develop new compounds to combat them. These molecules must have low toxicity, specific activity and high bioavailability. The most suitable ...read more
Electrospun Fibers as Drug Delivery Systems
In recent years, electrospun fibers have attracted considerable attention as potential platforms for drug delivery due to their distinctive properties and adaptability. These fibers feature a notable surface area-to-volume ratio and can be intentionally designed with high porosity, facilitating an increased capacity for drug loading and rendering them suitable for ...read more
Emerging Nanotherapeutics for Mitigation of Neurodegenerative Disorders
Conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS) present a significant hurdle due to limited access of both treatments and diagnostic tools for the brain. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as a barrier, restricting the passage of molecules from the bloodstream into the brain. The most formidable challenge facing scientists is ...read more
Nanotechnology Based Chemotherapy for the treatment of Head & Neck Cancer
The escalating recurrence rates observed in Head and Neck cancer, particularly within the chemo-therapeutically treated cohort (50-60%), can be attributed to the non-selective nature of current anticancer drug delivery modalities. In this context, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems emerge as a promising avenue for achieving precise localization of therapeutic agents to ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Towards the Development of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Sensitizers:Making TNF Work Against Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Molecular Phenotype of CXCL12β 3UTR G801A Polymorphism (rs1801157) Associated to HIV-1 Disease Progression
Current HIV Research Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors as a Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Ribozymes, DNAzymes and Small Interfering RNAs as Therapeutics
Current Drug Targets Editorial Review (Thematic Issue: An Update on Central Sensitivity Syndromes and the Issues of Nosology and Psychobiology)
Current Rheumatology Reviews Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Invasion and Metastasis: An Integrated View
Current Molecular Medicine Resveratrol in Cancer: Cellular and Mitochondrial Consequences of Proton Transport Inhibition
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Gut Mucosa as a Site for Induction of Regulatory T-Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Design Signaling Pathways that Regulate Basal ABC Transporter Activity at the Blood- Brain Barrier
Current Pharmaceutical Design Novel Patents Targeting Interleukin-17A; Implications in Cancer and Inflammation
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Synthesis of Some 1-(Flavon-7-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6(1H)-ones and Related Congeners
Letters in Organic Chemistry Recent Advances in Ginsenosides as Potential Therapeutics Against Breast Cancer
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry A Challenge for Medicinal Chemistry by the 17β-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Superfamily: An Integrated Biological Function and Inhibition Study
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Phytoconstituents of <i>Lantana camara</i> L.: Rekindling Hope in the Cancer Treatment
Current Bioactive Compounds Pharmacological Aspects of the Enzastaurin-Pemetrexed Combination in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Current Drug Targets Multimodality Imaging of CXCR4 in Cancer: Current Status towards Clinical Translation
Current Molecular Medicine Technological Advances in Preclinical Drug Evaluation: The Role of -Omics Methods
Current Medicinal Chemistry Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Basics and Challenges
Current Medicinal Chemistry Molecular and Biochemical Changes of the Cardiovascular System due to Smoking Exposure
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of Sensing Peptides in the Cross-talk between Microbiota and Human Cancer Cells
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry