Abstract
The antiaging protein of Klotho is a transmembrane protein mainly expressed in the kidney, parathyroid glands and choroid plexus of the brain. The Klotho protein exists in two forms, a full-length membrane form and a soluble secreted form. The extracellular domain of Klotho can be enzymatically cleaved off and released into the systemic circulation where it acts as β-glucuronidase and a hormone. Soluble Klotho can be found in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and the urine of mammals. Klotho deficiency results in early appearance of multiple age-related disorders and premature death, whereas overexpression of Klotho exerts the opposite effect. Klotho may influence cellular transport processes across the cell membrane by inhibiting calcitriol (1,25(OH) (2)D(3)), formation or by directly affecting transporter proteins, including ion channels, carriers and pumps. Accordingly, Klotho protein is a powerful regulator of transport mechanisms across the cell membrane. Klotho regulates diverse calcium and potassium ion channels, as well as several carriers including the Na+-coupled excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT3 and EAAT4, the Na+-coupled phosphate cotransporters, NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIb, and a Na+/K+-ATPase. All those cellular transport regulations contribute in the aging suppressor role of Klotho. Future studies will help to determine if the Klotho protein regulates cell-surface expression of other transport proteins and is affecting underlying mechanisms.
Keywords: Klotho, aging supressor, cellular transport, carrier, Ion channel, pump.
Current Protein & Peptide Science
Title:Regulation of Cellular Transport by Klotho Protein
Volume: 15 Issue: 8
Author(s): Mentor Sopjani, Mark Rinnerthaler, Ahmad Almilaji, Salih Ahmeti and Miribane Dermaku-Sopjani
Affiliation:
Keywords: Klotho, aging supressor, cellular transport, carrier, Ion channel, pump.
Abstract: The antiaging protein of Klotho is a transmembrane protein mainly expressed in the kidney, parathyroid glands and choroid plexus of the brain. The Klotho protein exists in two forms, a full-length membrane form and a soluble secreted form. The extracellular domain of Klotho can be enzymatically cleaved off and released into the systemic circulation where it acts as β-glucuronidase and a hormone. Soluble Klotho can be found in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and the urine of mammals. Klotho deficiency results in early appearance of multiple age-related disorders and premature death, whereas overexpression of Klotho exerts the opposite effect. Klotho may influence cellular transport processes across the cell membrane by inhibiting calcitriol (1,25(OH) (2)D(3)), formation or by directly affecting transporter proteins, including ion channels, carriers and pumps. Accordingly, Klotho protein is a powerful regulator of transport mechanisms across the cell membrane. Klotho regulates diverse calcium and potassium ion channels, as well as several carriers including the Na+-coupled excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT3 and EAAT4, the Na+-coupled phosphate cotransporters, NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIb, and a Na+/K+-ATPase. All those cellular transport regulations contribute in the aging suppressor role of Klotho. Future studies will help to determine if the Klotho protein regulates cell-surface expression of other transport proteins and is affecting underlying mechanisms.
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Cite this article as:
Sopjani Mentor, Rinnerthaler Mark, Almilaji Ahmad, Ahmeti Salih and Dermaku-Sopjani Miribane, Regulation of Cellular Transport by Klotho Protein, Current Protein & Peptide Science 2014; 15 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920371508141128152429
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920371508141128152429 |
Print ISSN 1389-2037 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5550 |
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