Title:Nanotheranostics in Evidence Based Personalized Medicine
VOLUME: 15 ISSUE: 10
Author(s):Sushil Sharma
Affiliation:Saint James School of Medicine, Plaza Juliana 4, Kralendijk, Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean
Keywords:Charnoly body, charnolophagy, charnolopathy, chronopharmacology, metallothioneins, microRNA, nanotheranostics,
pegylation, α-synuclein index.
Abstract:Efficient drug delivery systems are exceedingly important for novel drug discovery. The evidence-based
personalized medicine (EBPM) promises to deliver the right drug at the right time to a right patient as it covers clinicallysignificant
genetic predisposition and chronopharmacological aspects of nanotheranostics. Recently nanotechnology has
provided clinically-significant information at the cellular, molecular, and genetic level to facilitate evidence-based personalized
treatment. Particularly drug encapsulation in pegylated liposomes has improved pharmacodynamics of cancer, cardiovascular
diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Long-circulating liposomes and block copolymers concentrate
slowly via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in the solid tumors and are highly significant for the drug delivery
in cancer chemotherapeutics. Selective targeting of siRNA and oligonucleotides to tumor cells with a potential to
inhibit multi-drug resistant (MDR) malignancies has also shown promise. In addition, implantable drug delivery devices
have improved the treatment of several chronic diseases. Recently, microRNA, metallothioneins (MTs), α-synuclein index,
and Charnoly body (CB) have emerged as novel drug discovery biomarkers. Hence CB antagonists-loaded ROSscavenging
targeted nanoparticles (NPs) may be developed for the treatment of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.
Nonspecific induction of CBs in the hyper-proliferative cells may cause alopecia, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) symptoms,
myelosuppression, neurotoxicity, and infertility. Therefore selective CB agonists may be developed to augment cancer
stem cell specific CB formation to eradicate MDR malignancies with minimum or no adverse effects. This review
highlights recent advances on safe, economical, and effective treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases,
and cancer by adopting emerging nanotheranostic strategies to accomplish EBPM.
