Title:Targeting Chemokine (C-X-C motif) Receptor 3 in Thyroid Autoimmunity
VOLUME: 8 ISSUE: 2
Author(s):Poupak Fallahi, Silvia Martina Ferrari, Alda Corrado, Dilia Giuggioli, Clodoveo Ferri and Alessandro Antonelli
Affiliation:Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy.
Keywords:CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCR3, Graves’ disease, thyroid autoimmunity, thyroid autoantibodies, thyroiditis.
Abstract:The C-X-C chemokine receptor (CXCR)3 and its chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11) are involved in
the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), Graves’ disease (GD) and Graves’ Ophthalmopathy (GO). Under the influence
of interferon(IFN)γ, the IFNγ-induced protein 10 (IP-10/CXCL10) is secreted by thyrocytes, orbital fibroblasts
and preadipocytes. In tissue, Th1 lymphocytes are recruited; hence IFNγ is enhanced, which stimulates CXCL10 secretion
reiterating the autoimmune process. The presence of elevated levels of CXCL10 in peripheral liquids is considered a
marker of Th1 orientated immune response. High levels of circulating CXCL10 (sCXCL10) have been shown in patients
with AT, overall with hypothyroidism. In GD and GO patients high sCXCL10 have been shown particularly in the active
disease. A modulatory role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ or - α agonists on CXCR3
chemokines in AT, GD and GO and the immuno-modulatory effect of methimazole on CXCR3 chemokines in GD have
been shown. Further studies are ongoing to explore the use of new molecules that act as antagonists of CXCR3, or block
CXCL10, in autoimmune disorders, and many interesting patents have been recently applied.
