Title:Novel Dual Inhibitors of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κ B) and Cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX-2): Synthesis, In Vitro Anticancer Activity and Stability Studies of Lantadene–Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) Conjugates
VOLUME: 14 ISSUE: 8
Author(s):Sharad Kumar Suthar, Neetika Sharma, Hong Boon Lee, Khumukcham Nongalleima and Manu Sharma
Affiliation:Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat-173234, India.
Keywords:Cyclooxygenase-2, inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B kinaseβ , lantadene-non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
conjugates, nuclear factor-kappa B, prodrugs.
Abstract:The activation of transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κ B) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is critical
in cancer; they act synergistically in promoting tumor growth, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, combined
targeting of NF-κ B and COX-2 present an opportunity for synergistic anticancer efficacy. The ester prodrugs of
pentacyclic triterpenoids reduced lantadene A (3), B (4), and its congener 22β-hydroxyoleanonic acid (5) with various non
steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) present a novel approach. The ester prodrugs of 3 and 4 with diclofenac
showed promising dual inhibition of NF-κ B and COX-2. The lead prodrugs 14 and 15 exhibited inhibition of inhibitor of
nuclear factor-kappa B kinaseβ (IKKβ ) in the single-digit micromolar range and at the same time, prodrugs 14 and 15
showed marked cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer cell line with IC50s 0.15 and 0.42 µM, respectively. The prodrugs
14 and 15 exhibited stability in the acidic pH and were hydrolyzed readily in the human blood plasma to release the active
parent moieties. Thus, we have synthesized novel hybrid compounds to target both NF-κ B and COX-2 via a prodrug approach,
leading to promising anticancer candidates.
