Abstract
The crosstalk in the functional interplay of the neuroimmune system is essential to ensure homeostasis preservation and health. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be understood in the context of aging of this neuroimmune communication. AD has an important genderdependent component and is benefitted by lifestyle strategies such as physical exercise, enriched environments and nutrition. Recently, the functional and redox state of peripheral immune cells has been proposed as a useful tool for measuring the progression of AD. The present review summarizes the relevance of the disruption of crosstalk among neurons, glial cells, immune mediators and cells from the very beginning of the prodromal stages of AD, when early BPSD symptoms have already started but cognitive function still seems apparently normal. The study of the role of neuroimmune system and how its disruption contributes to the onset of disease may help in understanding its biological mechanisms and in finding behavioral parameters and immunological biomarkers for the prodromic phases. Here we present results of 3xTg-AD mice from pre-morbid to early-stages of AD and how early BPSD-like symptoms correlate with changes in the organometrics of thymus and spleen that are indirect indicators of the immunological status. These functional relationships between behavioral and peripheral system also revealed the existence of differences between biological and chronological ages (an advanced biological age) since the prodromal stages. Overall, the data available suggest that the crosstalk between behavior (nervous) and immune system plays an important role since prodromal stages of AD.
Keywords: Behavior, Peripheral immune system, neuroimmunoendocrine communication, Alzheimer’s disease, Age.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Crosstalk between Behavior and Immune System During the Prodromal Stages of Alzheimer`s Disease
Volume: 20 Issue: 29
Author(s): Lydia Gimenez-Llort, Virginia Torres-Lista and Monica De la Fuente
Affiliation:
Keywords: Behavior, Peripheral immune system, neuroimmunoendocrine communication, Alzheimer’s disease, Age.
Abstract: The crosstalk in the functional interplay of the neuroimmune system is essential to ensure homeostasis preservation and health. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be understood in the context of aging of this neuroimmune communication. AD has an important genderdependent component and is benefitted by lifestyle strategies such as physical exercise, enriched environments and nutrition. Recently, the functional and redox state of peripheral immune cells has been proposed as a useful tool for measuring the progression of AD. The present review summarizes the relevance of the disruption of crosstalk among neurons, glial cells, immune mediators and cells from the very beginning of the prodromal stages of AD, when early BPSD symptoms have already started but cognitive function still seems apparently normal. The study of the role of neuroimmune system and how its disruption contributes to the onset of disease may help in understanding its biological mechanisms and in finding behavioral parameters and immunological biomarkers for the prodromic phases. Here we present results of 3xTg-AD mice from pre-morbid to early-stages of AD and how early BPSD-like symptoms correlate with changes in the organometrics of thymus and spleen that are indirect indicators of the immunological status. These functional relationships between behavioral and peripheral system also revealed the existence of differences between biological and chronological ages (an advanced biological age) since the prodromal stages. Overall, the data available suggest that the crosstalk between behavior (nervous) and immune system plays an important role since prodromal stages of AD.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gimenez-Llort Lydia, Torres-Lista Virginia and Fuente De la Monica, Crosstalk between Behavior and Immune System During the Prodromal Stages of Alzheimer`s Disease, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20 (29) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140130205500
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140130205500 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Recent Progress Toward Hydrogen Medicine: Potential of Molecular Hydrogen for Preventive and Therapeutic Applications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Utility of Recombinant Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: A Drug Metabolism Perspective
Current Drug Metabolism Pharmacological Treatment of Hypertension in Pregnancy
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Early Involvement of the Innate Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Lateonset Alzheimers Disease: Neuropathological, Epidemiological and Genetic Evidence
Current Alzheimer Research 1,2,4-Triazine Analogs as Novel Class of Therapeutic Agents
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Target in Alzheimers Disease and Diabetes
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Mitochondrial Serine Protease HtrA2/Omi as a Potential Therapeutic Target
Current Drug Targets Repurposed Drugs in Metabolic Disorders
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Drug Induced QT Prolongation: Lessons from Congenital and Acquired Long QT Syndromes
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Neuroinflammation in Sepsis: Sepsis Associated Delirium
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Angiotensin II Type I Receptor Blocker and Endothelial Function in Humans: Role of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents Small Ruminant Lentiviruses and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Cousins that Take a Long View
Current HIV Research Small Molecules and Alzheimer’s Disease: Misfolding, Metabolism and Imaging
Current Alzheimer Research Cell Cycle Re-Entry in Alzheimers Disease: A Major Neuropathological Characteristic?
Current Alzheimer Research Signal Transduction by the Cytoplasmic Domain of NEUREGULIN-1 and its Roles During Neuronal Aging
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Glycemic Control is Related to Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Rural Chinese Population
Current Alzheimer Research Chronic Kidney Disease and Sleeping Disordered Breathing (SDB)
Current Hypertension Reviews MicroRNA Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Features Leading to Therapeutic Strategies
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Familial Alzheimers Disease Mutations in Presenilin 1 Do Not Alter Levels of the Secreted Amyloid-β Protein Precursor Generated by β-Secretase Cleavage
Current Alzheimer Research