Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy among women worldwide. The prime causal factor of the disease is a persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) with individuals failing to mount a sufficient immune response against the virus. Despite the current success of HPV16- and 18-specific prophylactic vaccination, established HPV infections and associated neoplasia require therapeutic vaccines with the induction of cellular immunity. The sustained expression of early proteins E6 and E7 from major oncogenic HPV genotypes in cervical lesions are ideal targets for the design of immunotherapeutic strategies. These strategies, particularly subunit vaccines, may require additional help from immunomodulators to enhance HPV-specific cellular responses. This review discusses recent studies, published since 2008, relating to immunotherapeutic strategies against HPV that include immunomodulators. These immunomodulators fall within the category of toll-like receptor adjuvants for innate immune activation, adjuvants directly contributing to adaptive immunity, such as cytokines and costimulatory molecules, and those that target tumor-induced immunosuppressive mechanisms. Using a combination of these strategies with delivery-based approaches may be most beneficial for the success of therapeutic vaccines against HPV-induced neoplasia in the clinic.
Keywords: Adjuvant, cervical cancer, HPV, human papillomavirus, immunomodulators, immunotherapy, vaccine.
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:HPV-Specific Immunotherapy: Key Role for Immunomodulators
Volume: 14 Issue: 2
Author(s): Stephanie Van de Wall, Hans W Nijman and Toos Daemen
Affiliation:
Keywords: Adjuvant, cervical cancer, HPV, human papillomavirus, immunomodulators, immunotherapy, vaccine.
Abstract: Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy among women worldwide. The prime causal factor of the disease is a persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) with individuals failing to mount a sufficient immune response against the virus. Despite the current success of HPV16- and 18-specific prophylactic vaccination, established HPV infections and associated neoplasia require therapeutic vaccines with the induction of cellular immunity. The sustained expression of early proteins E6 and E7 from major oncogenic HPV genotypes in cervical lesions are ideal targets for the design of immunotherapeutic strategies. These strategies, particularly subunit vaccines, may require additional help from immunomodulators to enhance HPV-specific cellular responses. This review discusses recent studies, published since 2008, relating to immunotherapeutic strategies against HPV that include immunomodulators. These immunomodulators fall within the category of toll-like receptor adjuvants for innate immune activation, adjuvants directly contributing to adaptive immunity, such as cytokines and costimulatory molecules, and those that target tumor-induced immunosuppressive mechanisms. Using a combination of these strategies with delivery-based approaches may be most beneficial for the success of therapeutic vaccines against HPV-induced neoplasia in the clinic.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Wall Van de Stephanie, Nijman W Hans and Daemen Toos, HPV-Specific Immunotherapy: Key Role for Immunomodulators, Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2014; 14 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152061402140128163306
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152061402140128163306 |
Print ISSN 1871-5206 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5992 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Induction of cell death in cancer cells by modulating telomerase activity using small molecule drugs
Telomeres are distinctive but short stretches present at the corners of chromosomes and aid in stabilizing chromosomal makeup. Resynthesis of telomeres supported by the activity of reverse transcriptase ribonucleoprotein complex telomerase. There is no any telomerase activity in human somatic cells, but the stem cells and germ cells undergone telomerase ...read more
Role of natural compounds as anti anti-cancer agents
Cancer is considered the leading cause of worldwide mortality, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2022. Cancer outcome can be improved through an appropriate screening and early detection and through an efficient clinical treatment. Chemotherapy remains an important approach in treatment o f several types of cancers, even though ...read more
Signaling and enzymatic modulators in cancer treatment
Cancer accounts for nearly 10 million deaths in 2022 and is considered the leading cause of worldwide mortality. Cancer outcome can be improved through an appropriate screening and early detection and through an efficient clinical treatment. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are the most important approach for the treatment of several ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Editorial [Hot Topic: Beyond Gynaecological Cancers: Psychological Challenges (Guest Editor: Vania Goncalves)]
Current Women`s Health Reviews A Review on Recent Technologies and Patents on Silica Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Neurokinin Receptors and Subtypes as Potential Targets in Breast Cancer: Relevance to Bone Marrow Metastasis
Drug Design Reviews - Online (Discontinued) Polo-Like Kinases (Plks) are Prognostic Markers for Gynecologic Malignancies
Current Women`s Health Reviews Releasing of Herpes Simplex Virus Carrying NGF in Subarachnoid Space Promotes the Functional Repair in Spinal Cord Injured Rats
Current Gene Therapy New Approaches to Target Cancer Stem Cells: Current Scenario
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Evaluation of Cytotoxic Potentials of Some Isoindole-1, 3-Dione Derivatives on HeLa, C6 and A549 Cancer Cell Lines
Medicinal Chemistry The BET-Bromodomain Inhibitor JQ1 Reduces Inflammation and Tau Phosphorylation at Ser396 in the Brain of the 3xTg Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Sodium Selenite Decreased HDAC Activity, Cell Proliferation and Induced Apoptosis in Three Human Glioblastoma Cells
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry RNA Splicing: Basic Aspects Underlie Antitumor Targeting
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery CRISPR-Cas9, A Promising Therapeutic Tool for Cancer Therapy: A Review
Protein & Peptide Letters Tanshinone IIA: Pharmacology, Total Synthesis, and Progress in Structure-modifications
Current Medicinal Chemistry New Insights Toward Nanostructured Drug Delivery of Plant-Derived Polyphenol Compounds: Cancer Treatment and Gene Expression Profiles
Current Cancer Drug Targets Depot Based Drug Delivery System for the Management of Depression
Current Drug Delivery Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and their Application as a Sustainable Catalyst for Organic Transformations
Current Organic Chemistry Hypoxic Radiosensitizers and Hypoxic Cytotoxins in Radiation Oncology
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents Synthesis and Antiproliferative Evaluation of Hybrids of Indolin-2-one and Quinazoline-4(3H)-one Linked via Imine Bond
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Treatment Targets for Ovarian Cancer by Analyzing Transcriptional Regulatory Network
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Targeting Hepatitis B Virus and Human Papillomavirus Induced Carcinogenesis: Novel Patented Therapeutics
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery The Paths to Neurodegeneration in Genetic Parkinson's Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets