Title:Structure Guided Design of Biotin Protein Ligase Inhibitors for Antibiotic Discovery
VOLUME: 14 ISSUE: 1
Author(s):Ashleigh S. Paparella, Tatiana P. Soares da Costa, Min Y. Yap, William Tieu, Matthew C. J. Wilce, Grant W. Booker, Andrew D. Abell and Steven W. Polyak
Affiliation:Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
Keywords:Antibiotic, biotin, biotin protein ligase, Staphylococcus aureus, structure guided drug design, inhibitor design, Xray
crystallography.
Abstract:Biotin protein ligase (BPL) represents a promising target for the discovery of new antibacterial chemotherapeutics.
Here we review the central role of BPL for the survival and virulence of clinically important Staphylococcus aureus
in support of this claim. X-ray crystallography structures of BPLs in complex with ligands and small molecule inhibitors
provide new insights into the mechanism of protein biotinylation, and a template for structure guided approaches to the
design of inhibitors for antibacterial discovery. Most BPLs employ an ordered ligand binding mechanism for the synthesis
of the reaction intermediate biotinyl-5´-AMP from substrates biotin and ATP. Recent studies reporting chemical analogs
of biotin and biotinyl-5´-AMP as BPL inhibitors that represent new classes of anti-S. aureus agents are reviewed. We
highlight strategies to selectively inhibit bacterial BPL over the mammalian equivalent using a 1,2,3-triazole isostere to
replace the labile phosphoanhydride naturally present in biotinyl-5´-AMP. A novel in situ approach to improve the detection
of triazole-based inhibitors is also presented that could potentially be widely applied to other protein targets.
