Title:Class II Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases as Potential Novel Drug Targets
VOLUME: 8 ISSUE: 2
Author(s):Alexandre Arcaro, Anna Borgstrom and Karolina Blajecka
Affiliation:University of Bern, Department of Clinical Research, Division of Pediatric Hematology/ Oncology, Tiefenaustrasse 120c, CH-3004 Bern, Switzerland.
Keywords:Cancer, cell migration, G-protein-coupled receptor, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, receptor tyrosine kinase.
Abstract:Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) play an essential role in the intracellular signal transduction cascades
initiated by the activation of cell surface receptors through their specific extracellular signals. PI3Ks control a variety of
cellular responses, including growth, protection from apoptosis, motility, metabolism and intracellular protein sorting.
Eight catalytic PI3K isoforms exist in human, which are grouped into three classes (I-III), based on structural homology
and in vitro substrate specificity. Class I PI3Ks mediate signalling by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and G-proteincoupled
receptors (GPCRs). The class II of PI3Ks, which comprises three distinct isoforms (PI3KC2α, PI3KC2β and
PI3KC2γ) are less well characterized in terms of cellular functions. PI3KC2α and PI3KC2β are activated downstream of
RTKs and GPCRs and play a role in cell migration, survival, glucose transport and endocytosis. Recently, the first
isoform-specific small molecule inhibitors of PI3KC2β were described and evaluated as anti-proliferative agents in
cancer. In this review, we will discuss the different regulatory mechanisms and functions of class II PI3Ks in the context
of cell surface receptor signalling and their potential as novel drug targets in the field of oncology.
