Abstract
Activated glial cells are capable of generating various inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. These potentially neurotoxic molecules have been suggested to play a role in the etiology and development of depression. Accumulating evidence indicates that antidepressants have inhibitory effects on inflammatory activation of glial cells and confer neuroprotection under neuropathological conditions. Such efficacy of antidepressants appears to depend on suppressing microglial production of inflammatory substances and up-regulating both astrocytic secretion of neurotrophins and astrocytic glutamine synthase, which converts neurotoxic glutamate into non-toxic glutamine. Therefore, glial cells, both as source and target of inflammatory molecules, may represent a potential promising target involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Moreover, antidepressants have the possibility to be useful treatment, not only for depression, but for a broad spectrum of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders where the pathogenesis is associated with glial activation.
Keywords: Antidepressants, anti-inflammatory effect, astrocyte; cytokine, depression, microglia, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species.
Current Drug Targets
Title:Glia: An Important Target for Anti-Inflammatory and Antidepressant Activity
Volume: 14 Issue: 11
Author(s): Sadayuki Hashioka, Tsuyoshi Miyaoka, Rei Wake, Motohide Furuya and Jun Horiguchi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Antidepressants, anti-inflammatory effect, astrocyte; cytokine, depression, microglia, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species.
Abstract: Activated glial cells are capable of generating various inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. These potentially neurotoxic molecules have been suggested to play a role in the etiology and development of depression. Accumulating evidence indicates that antidepressants have inhibitory effects on inflammatory activation of glial cells and confer neuroprotection under neuropathological conditions. Such efficacy of antidepressants appears to depend on suppressing microglial production of inflammatory substances and up-regulating both astrocytic secretion of neurotrophins and astrocytic glutamine synthase, which converts neurotoxic glutamate into non-toxic glutamine. Therefore, glial cells, both as source and target of inflammatory molecules, may represent a potential promising target involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Moreover, antidepressants have the possibility to be useful treatment, not only for depression, but for a broad spectrum of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders where the pathogenesis is associated with glial activation.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Hashioka Sadayuki, Miyaoka Tsuyoshi, Wake Rei, Furuya Motohide and Horiguchi Jun, Glia: An Important Target for Anti-Inflammatory and Antidepressant Activity, Current Drug Targets 2013; 14 (11) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13894501113146660214
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13894501113146660214 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New drug therapy for eye diseases
Eyesight is one of the most critical senses, accounting for over 80% of our perceptions. Our quality of life might be significantly affected by eye disease, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye, etc. Although the development of microinvasive ocular surgery reduces surgical complications and improves overall outcomes, medication therapy is ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Dual Effects of Antioxidants in Neurodegeneration: Direct Neuroprotection against Oxidative Stress and Indirect Protection via Suppression of Gliamediated Inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial [Hot Topic: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Related Disorders (Guest Editor: Barbara Borroni)]
Current Alzheimer Research Invokana (Canagliflozin) as a Dual Inhibitor of Acetylcholinesterase and Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2: Advancement in Alzheimer’s Disease- Diabetes Type 2 Linkage via an Enzoinformatics Study
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets ABC Subfamily D Proteins and Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism as Novel Targets in Adrenoleukodystrophy
Current Drug Targets Therapeutic Potential of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and its Receptors in Neurological Disorders
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Patent Selections:
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Targeting PPARalpha in Alzheimer's Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Polyglutamine Protein Trafficking and Neurodegeneration
Current Genomics Tau, Amyloid Beta and Deep Brain Stimulation: Aiming to Restore Cognitive Deficit in Alzheimer's Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Wnt1 Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein 1 (WISP1) Blocks Neurodegeneration through Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase/Akt1 and Apoptotic Mitochondrial Signaling Involving Bad, Bax, Bim, and Bcl-xL
Current Neurovascular Research Upregulation of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 in Microglia by Cinnamic Acid
Current Alzheimer Research Homocysteine Level and Mechanisms of Injury in Parkinson's Disease as Related to MTHFR, MTR, and MTHFD1 Genes Polymorphisms and LDopa Treatment
Current Genomics 3-Bromopyruvate: A New Targeted Antiglycolytic Agent and a Promise for Cancer Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Combined Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses of Cerebral Frontal Lobe Tissue Identified RNA Metabolism Dysregulation as One Potential Pathogenic Mechanism in Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)
Current Neurovascular Research Telomeres, Senescence and Longevity: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants
Current Pharmacogenomics Understanding the Role of Hypoxia Inducible Factor During Neurodegeneration for New Therapeutics Opportunities
Current Neuropharmacology Relationship Between the Japanese Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and PET Imaging in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Current Alzheimer Research Gut Permeability and Microbiota in Parkinson’s Disease: Role of Depression, Tryptophan Catabolites, Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Melatonergic Pathways
Current Pharmaceutical Design Tetracyclines and Prion Infectivity
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets DNAJ Proteins and Protein Aggregation Diseases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry